The present invention relates to methods and strategies for extracting nitrosylated and/or nitrated derivatives and analogs from Myriciaria dubia fruit and for synthesizing the same. The ascorbic acid derivatives and analogs have the chemical structure of: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is O, ONO, ONO.sub.2, or NH.sub.2; R.sub.2 is OH, ONO, ONO.sub.2, or NH.sub.2; R.sub.3 is OH, ONO, ONO.sub.2. The extraction method comprises freeze-drying the Myriciaria dubia fruit, mixing the freeze-dried powder with a solvent and separating and drying the supernatant. The synthetic method comprises derivatizing an ascorbic acid via nitrosylation and/or nitration in a buffered ascorbic acid solution, reducing zero or more nitro groups to an amine group, and purifying the ascorbic acid analog.

The present invention relates to methods and strategies for extracting nitrosylated and/or nitrated derivatives and analogs from Myriciaria dubia fruit and for synthesizing the same. The ascorbic acid derivatives and analogs have the chemical structure of: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is O, ONO, ONO.sub.2, or NH.sub.2; R.sub.2 is OH, ONO, ONO.sub.2, or NH.sub.2; R.sub.3 is OH, ONO, ONO.sub.2. The extraction method comprises freeze-drying the Myriciaria dubia fruit, mixing the freeze-dried powder with a solvent and separating and drying the supernatant. The synthetic method comprises derivatizing an ascorbic acid via nitrosylation and/or nitration in a buffered ascorbic acid solution, reducing zero or more nitro groups to an amine group, and purifying the ascorbic acid analog.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), and their use as herbicides. In said formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 represent groups such as hydrogen, halo-gen or linear or cyclic organic groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or alkoxy. The invention further refers to a composition comprising such compound and to the use thereof for controlling unwanted vegetation.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), and their use as herbicides. In said formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 represent groups such as hydrogen, halo-gen or linear or cyclic organic groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or alkoxy. The invention further refers to a composition comprising such compound and to the use thereof for controlling unwanted vegetation.

##STR00001##

The disclosures herein relate generally to acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs of ()-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of making prodrugs of ()-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, methods of using prodrugs of ()-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating or preventing common diseases and/or disorders such as spasticity and/or acid reflux disease. The disclosures herein also relate to acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs of ()-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof which are suitable for oral administration and to sustained release oral dosage forms thereof.

A process for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral 3-heterocyclyl-1,2-dihydroxy cyclohexanes is disclosed. The process involves reacting a tricyclic nitrogenous heterocycle with an allyl carbonate in the presence of a chiral palladium catalyst followed by oxidation of the olefinic bond to provide 3-heterocyclyl-1,2-dihydroxy cyclohexanes, cyclopentanes and corresponding alicyclic heterocycles. Also disclosed are methods for converting the heterocyclyl-1,2-dihydroxy cyclohexanes to 2-amino-6-(heteroaryl)cyclohexanols (and related cyclic compounds).

Problem to Be Solved: to provide a chromophore having a far superior nonlinear optical activity to conventional chromophores and to provide a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

Solution: a chromophore comprising a donor structure D, a -conjugated bridge structure B, and an acceptor structure A, the donor structure D comprising an aryl group substituted with a substituted oxy group; and a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

Problem to Be Solved: to provide a chromophore having a far superior nonlinear optical activity to conventional chromophores and to provide a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

Solution: a chromophore comprising a donor structure D, a -conjugated bridge structure B, and an acceptor structure A, the donor structure D comprising an aryl group substituted with a substituted oxy group; and a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

The present invention relates to a novel compound of(S)-2-((Z)-((R)-4-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)amino) butanamide and an improved, commercially viable process for preparation of Brivaracetam using(S)-2-((Z)-((R)-4-propyldihydrofur an-2(3H)-ylidene)amino)butanamide.

The present invention relates to a novel compound of(S)-2-((Z)-((R)-4-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)amino) butanamide and an improved, commercially viable process for preparation of Brivaracetam using(S)-2-((Z)-((R)-4-propyldihydrofur an-2(3H)-ylidene)amino)butanamide.