Disclosed herein are compounds, salts, solvates of Formula (1), and any formulation thereof. Also disclosed are methods of eliciting hydraulic enhancement and/or increasing yield of a plant by contacting a plant with compounds, salts, solvates of Formula (1), or any formulation thereof.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and their use in methods for treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject using a compound of Formula (I). The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a protozoan infection in a subject. The invention further provides a medical device when used in a method of treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject and to a medical device comprising the composition of the invention.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and their use in methods for treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject using a compound of Formula (I). The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a protozoan infection in a subject. The invention further provides a medical device when used in a method of treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject and to a medical device comprising the composition of the invention.

The present invention employs a compound represented by the following formula (1) and/or a resin comprising the compound as a constituent:

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is a 2n-valent group of 1 to 60 carbon atoms or a single bond; R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a thiol group, a hydroxy group, or a group in which a hydrogen atom of a hydroxy group is replaced with an acid dissociation group, provided that at least one selected from R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is a group in which a hydrogen atom of a hydroxy group is replaced with an acid dissociation group; m.sup.2 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8; m.sup.4 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m.sup.2, m.sup.3, m.sup.4, and m.sup.3 are not 0 at the same time; n is an integer of 1 to 4; and p.sup.2 to p.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.

The present invention employs a compound represented by the following formula (1) and/or a resin comprising the compound as a constituent:

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is a 2n-valent group of 1 to 60 carbon atoms or a single bond; R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a thiol group, a hydroxy group, or a group in which a hydrogen atom of a hydroxy group is replaced with an acid dissociation group, provided that at least one selected from R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is a group in which a hydrogen atom of a hydroxy group is replaced with an acid dissociation group; m.sup.2 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8; m.sup.4 and m.sup.3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9, provided that m.sup.2, m.sup.3, m.sup.4, and m.sup.3 are not 0 at the same time; n is an integer of 1 to 4; and p.sup.2 to p.sup.5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.

Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the integrated stress response (ISR) and for treating related diseases; disorders and conditions.

Compounds of the formulae (I) or (II) ##STR00001##
wherein X is ##STR00002## A is O, S, NR.sub.5 or CR.sub.16R.sub.17; R.sub.1 is for example hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl R.sub.2 is for example hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.20aryl R.sub.5 for example is C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 for example independently of each other are hydrogen. C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, halogen, CN or NO.sub.2; Ar.sub.1 is for example unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.20aryl, C.sub.3-C.sub.20heteroaryl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20aroyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.20heteroarylcarbonyl or ##STR00003## or Ar.sub.1 is ##STR00004## Ar.sub.2 is for example phenylene, ##STR00005##
all of which are unsubstituted or substituted M is for example unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylene Y is a direct bond, O, S, NR.sub.5 or CO; Z.sub.1 is for example O or S; Z.sub.2 is a direct bond, O, S or NR.sub.5; and Q is CO or a direct bond.

Compounds of the formulae (I) or (II) ##STR00001##
wherein X is ##STR00002## A is O, S, NR.sub.5 or CR.sub.16R.sub.17; R.sub.1 is for example hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl R.sub.2 is for example hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.20aryl R.sub.5 for example is C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 for example independently of each other are hydrogen. C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, halogen, CN or NO.sub.2; Ar.sub.1 is for example unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.20aryl, C.sub.3-C.sub.20heteroaryl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20aroyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.20heteroarylcarbonyl or ##STR00003## or Ar.sub.1 is ##STR00004## Ar.sub.2 is for example phenylene, ##STR00005##
all of which are unsubstituted or substituted M is for example unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylene Y is a direct bond, O, S, NR.sub.5 or CO; Z.sub.1 is for example O or S; Z.sub.2 is a direct bond, O, S or NR.sub.5; and Q is CO or a direct bond.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and their use in methods for treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject using a compound of Formula (I). The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a protozoan infection in a subject. The invention further provides a medical device when used in a method of treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject and to a medical device comprising the composition of the invention.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and their use in methods for treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject using a compound of Formula (I). The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a protozoan infection in a subject. The invention further provides a medical device when used in a method of treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject and to a medical device comprising the composition of the invention.