The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition provides storage stability and allows liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned without a PI layer when added to a liquid crystal composition. When used in a liquid crystal composition, the spontaneous orientation aid can adsorb to substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) and keep the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a vertical direction. The spontaneous orientation aid makes it possible to align liquid crystal molecules without a PI layer (to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules under no applied voltage and to achieve horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under an applied voltage).

The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition provides storage stability and allows liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned without a PI layer when added to a liquid crystal composition. When used in a liquid crystal composition, the spontaneous orientation aid can adsorb to substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) and keep the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a vertical direction. The spontaneous orientation aid makes it possible to align liquid crystal molecules without a PI layer (to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules under no applied voltage and to achieve horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under an applied voltage).

The present invention directs to provide a novel compound for treating and/or preventing pain, having excellent skin permeation and reduced skin irritation. The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (R.sup.1: a methyl group or other like group, R.sup.2: a fluorine atom or other like group, R.sup.3: a methyl group or other like group, R.sup.4: a methyl group or other like group, R.sup.5: a methyl group or other like group)

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The present invention directs to provide a novel compound for treating and/or preventing pain, having excellent skin permeation and reduced skin irritation. The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (R.sup.1: a methyl group or other like group, R.sup.2: a fluorine atom or other like group, R.sup.3: a methyl group or other like group, R.sup.4: a methyl group or other like group, R.sup.5: a methyl group or other like group)

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The present invention relates to compound (I) or a salt thereof which has a RORt inhibitory action. In the formula (I), each symbol is as defined in the specification. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compound (I) or a salt thereof which has a RORt inhibitory action. In the formula (I), each symbol is as defined in the specification. ##STR00001##

A stabilizer represented by formula I, wherein M represents cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopropyl; Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each independently represent a single bond, CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, O, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2 or COO; ##STR00001## represents one or two of ##STR00002## and n represents 0, 1 or 2. ##STR00003##

A stabilizer represented by formula I, wherein M represents cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopropyl; Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each independently represent a single bond, CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, O, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2 or COO; ##STR00001## represents one or two of ##STR00002## and n represents 0, 1 or 2. ##STR00003##

The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of organo-iodized compounds, as well as their preparation intermediates. More particularly, the present invention concerns a process for the preparation of organo-iodized compounds which can be used as preparation intermediates in the synthesis of iodized contrast agents.

Compounds of formula (I), wherein R.sub.1 is as defined in the claims, exhibit COMT enzyme inhibiting activity and are thus useful as COMT inhibitors. Methods of treatment and pharmaceutical dosage forms are also disclosed.