The present invention relates to a novel TNF activity inhibitor compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method for prevention, alleviation or treatment comprising administering the compound of the present invention, a method for preparing the compound of the present invention, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound.

Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1α activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response or with regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1α activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response or with regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

The present invention provides a compound of formula (1) and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound useful as a nerve regeneration promoter ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1-L- is R.sup.1—OC(O)—, or the like, R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, optionally-substituted 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl group, or the like, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or the like, Ring A is formula (2) or formula (3) wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like, the part of X, Y, and Z is X═Y—Z, X—Y═Z, or X—Y—Z, X is nitrogen atom, NR.sup.4 (R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like), or the like, Y is carbon atom or the like, and Z is carbon atom, nitrogen atom or the like.

The present invention provides a compound of formula (1) and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound useful as a nerve regeneration promoter ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1-L- is R.sup.1—OC(O)—, or the like, R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, optionally-substituted 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl group, or the like, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or the like, Ring A is formula (2) or formula (3) wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like, the part of X, Y, and Z is X═Y—Z, X—Y═Z, or X—Y—Z, X is nitrogen atom, NR.sup.4 (R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom, optionally-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like), or the like, Y is carbon atom or the like, and Z is carbon atom, nitrogen atom or the like.

The present invention relates to a novel synthetic pathway for alpha-tocopherol. The invention discloses different reactions yielding some new intermediates in a very high yield and stereoselectivity.

The present invention relates to a novel synthetic pathway for alpha-tocopherol. The invention discloses different reactions yielding some new intermediates in a very high yield and stereoselectivity.

Compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
are disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Methods of treating neurological or psychiatric disorders in a patient in need are also disclosed. Such disorders include depression, bipolar disorder, pain, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, addiction, social disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, an anxiety disorder, autism, a cognitive impairment, or a neuropsychiatric symptom such as apathy, depression, anxiety, psychosis, aggression, agitation, impulse control disorders, and sleep disorders in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
are disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Methods of treating neurological or psychiatric disorders in a patient in need are also disclosed. Such disorders include depression, bipolar disorder, pain, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, addiction, social disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, an anxiety disorder, autism, a cognitive impairment, or a neuropsychiatric symptom such as apathy, depression, anxiety, psychosis, aggression, agitation, impulse control disorders, and sleep disorders in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a compound of formula (I).

##STR00001##

In the compound of formula (I), n may be 0 to 5 and each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be independently selected from the group consisting of H, —O-Alkyl, halo, alkyl, —CN, or —NO.sub.3.