Provided are a 1,3-di-substituted ketene compound having a structure as represented by formula (I) and an application thereof. Such a type of compound primarily activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, and also activates PPPAδ and PPPAγ. The compound may be used to treat various diseases associated with PPAR regulation and control abnormality, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and especially in treating non-alcoholic hepatitis, and may potentially be used in the treatment of diseases comprising diabetes, obesity, fibrotic diseases, cardiovascular diseases (comprising heart failure, atherosclerosis, and so on), kidney diseases (comprising chronic kidney disease, renal failure, and so on), and brain degenerative diseases (comprising Alzheimer's disease and so on), having great application value. ##STR00001##

An oxidative homocoupling method of synthesizing certain 2,2′-bithiophenes from thiophenes using oxygen as the terminal oxidant is disclosed. In non-limiting examples, the method uses oxygen along with a catalytic system that includes palladium, an assistive ligand, and a non-palladium metal additive to catalyze one of the following reactions: ##STR00001## Associated catalytic systems and compositions are also disclosed.

Disclosed are sulfonamide compounds with GPR17 modulating properties, which are useful for treating or preventing a variety of CNS and other diseases, in particular for preventing and treating myelinating diseases or disorders.

Disclosed are sulfonamide compounds with GPR17 modulating properties, which are useful for treating or preventing a variety of CNS and other diseases, in particular for preventing and treating myelinating diseases or disorders.

Disclosed are sulfonamide compounds with GPR17 modulating properties, which are useful for treating or preventing a variety of CNS and other diseases, in particular for preventing and treating myelinating diseases or disorders.

Disclosed are sulfonamide compounds with GPR17 modulating properties, which are useful for treating or preventing a variety of CNS and other diseases, in particular for preventing and treating myelinating diseases or disorders.

Disclosed are sulfonamide compounds with GPR17 modulating properties, which are useful for treating or preventing a variety of CNS and other diseases, in particular for preventing and treating myelinating diseases or disorders.

Disclosed are sulfonamide compounds with GPR17 modulating properties, which are useful for treating or preventing a variety of CNS and other diseases, in particular for preventing and treating myelinating diseases or disorders.

The present invention provides for certain sulfonyl ureas and related compounds which have advantageous properties and show useful activity in the inhibition of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of a wide range of disorders in which the inflammation process, or more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, have been implicated as being a key factor.

The present invention provides for certain sulfonyl ureas and related compounds which have advantageous properties and show useful activity in the inhibition of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of a wide range of disorders in which the inflammation process, or more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, have been implicated as being a key factor.