Provided are methods of administering a vesicular monoamine transport 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor chosen from valbenazine and (+)-a-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or isotopic variant thereof, to a patient in need thereof wherein the patient is also being administered a strong cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor.

Embodiments described herein are directed to employing an aggregation of participant sensor coverage areas to determine if there are missing coverage areas or unwanted overlapping coverage areas. If there are missing coverage areas, then at least one participant is instructed to modify its sensor coverage area to at least partially cover the missing coverage area. Conversely, if at least one participant has a sensor that is providing unwanted overlap of other sensor coverage areas, then that participant may be instructed to stop using that sensor, utilize that sensor for other data transmission purposes, or modify the coverage area to be non- or less-overlapping.

Embodiments described herein are directed to employing an aggregation of participant sensor coverage areas to determine if there are missing coverage areas or unwanted overlapping coverage areas. If there are missing coverage areas, then at least one participant is instructed to modify its sensor coverage area to at least partially cover the missing coverage area. Conversely, if at least one participant has a sensor that is providing unwanted overlap of other sensor coverage areas, then that participant may be instructed to stop using that sensor, utilize that sensor for other data transmission purposes, or modify the coverage area to be non- or less-overlapping.

Provided are methods of administering a vesicular monoamine transport 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor chosen from valbenazine and (+)--3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or isotopic variant thereof to a patient in need thereof wherein the patient is being treated with a strong cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inducer.

The present invention relates to a novel cathode buffer layer material and an organic photoelectric device including the same. When the novel compound of the present invention is applied to a cathode buffer layer of an organic photoelectric device, for example, an organic solar cell or an organic photodiode, there is an effect in which the surface characteristics of an electron transport layer are improved through the high dipole moment of the novel compound to thereby facilitate electron extraction from a photoactive layer to a cathode electrode and to reduce series resistance and leakage current, and accordingly, the performance of an organic optoelectronic device (organic solar cell, organic photodiode, etc.) to be manufactured can be remarkably improved, which is industrially advantageous.

The present invention relates to a novel cathode buffer layer material and an organic photoelectric device including the same. When the novel compound of the present invention is applied to a cathode buffer layer of an organic photoelectric device, for example, an organic solar cell or an organic photodiode, there is an effect in which the surface characteristics of an electron transport layer are improved through the high dipole moment of the novel compound to thereby facilitate electron extraction from a photoactive layer to a cathode electrode and to reduce series resistance and leakage current, and accordingly, the performance of an organic optoelectronic device (organic solar cell, organic photodiode, etc.) to be manufactured can be remarkably improved, which is industrially advantageous.

Provided are methods of administering a vesicular monoamine transport 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor chosen from valbenazine and (+)-a-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or isotopic variant thereof to a patient in need thereof wherein the patient is being treated with a strong cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inducer.

Provided are methods of administering a vesicular monoamine transport 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor chosen from valbenazine and (+)--3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or isotopic variant thereof, to a patient in need thereof wherein the patient is a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer.

Provided are methods of administering a vesicular monoamine transport 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor chosen from valbenazine and (+)--3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or isotopic variant thereof, to a patient in need thereof wherein the patient is also being administered digoxin.

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(((4aR,10aR)-7-hydroxy-1-propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a-octahydrobenzo[g]quinolin-6-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid with the formula (Id) below and salts thereof

##STR00001##

The compound of formula (Id) is a prodrug of a catecholamine for use in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and disorders such as Parkinson's Disease.

The invention also relates to new intermediates of said process.