Carbonate esters of Formula (I): (R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)SiR.sup.4OC(O)OR.sup.4Si(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3) are prepared by reaction of a silyl-substituted alcohol of Formula (II): (R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)SiR.sup.4OH with an activated carbonyl compound of Formula (III): C(O)Z.sub.2 in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., an bicyclic amidine, a bicyclic guanidine, or a phosphazene) in an aprotic solvent. In Formulas (I) and (II) each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently is alkyl; R.sup.3 is alkyl or X.sup.1Si(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6)(R.sup.7); X.sup.1 is O or alkylene; R.sup.4 is alkylene; and each R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 independently is alkyl. In Formula (III), Z is 1-N-imidazolyl or 1-N-succinimidyl. In some embodiments, the catalyst used in the methods described herein comprises at least one base selected from the group consisting of a bicyclic amidine and a bicyclic guanidine. The reaction proceeds readily under both bulk and continuous flow reactor conditions.

The present invention provides a compound that thickens or gels a fluid organic substance to a desired viscosity, or uniformly stabilizes a composition containing a fluid organic substance. The compound of the present invention is a compound represented by Formula (1) below: wherein, R.sup.1 represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbons; R.sup.2 represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbons; R.sup.3 represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbons; m represents an integer from 0 to 10; and n represents an integer from 1 to 4; in a case where n is 1 or 2, (4n) R.sup.1s may be the same or different; and in a case where n is from 2 to 4, n R.sup.2s, n R.sup.3s, and n m's each may be the same or different.

Disclosed are halo substituted derivative compounds of sobetirome with improved pharmacological characteristics relative to sobetirome, pharmaceutical compositions that include those compounds and methods of treating diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders using those pharmaceutical compositions.

This invention relates to a process to polymerize olefins, particularly to produce ethylene polymers with internal unsaturation structures.

Provided are a boron-silicon heterocyclic compound having a structure represented by formula 1, a display device and a display apparatus. In formula 1, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each a single bond, C6-C30 arylene, C6-C30 fused arylene, C4-C30 heteroarylene, or C4-C30 fused heteroarylene; D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 are each a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C60 heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C10-C60 fused aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C8-C30 fused heteroaryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamino. The compound has a strong inductive effect and can reduce the driving voltage of the device. The silacyclopentadiene having a silicon atom as spiro-atom can effectively improve the solubility of the material, which is beneficial to the cleaning of the vapor deposition mask. In addition, the compound has a higher triplet energy level to effectively transfer energy to the luminous body, and improves the efficiency of the device. ##STR00001##

A method for manufacturing an interconnect structure includes providing a metal interconnect layer, forming a dielectric layer on the metal interconnect layer, forming a fluorocarbon layer on the dielectric layer, forming a patterned hardmask layer on the fluorocarbon layer, etching the fluorocarbon layer and the dielectric layer using the patterned hardmask layer as a mask to form a trench in the dielectric layer and a through-hole through the dielectric layer to the metal interconnect layer, forming a metal layer filling the trench and the through-hole, and planarizing the metal layer until the planarized metal layer has an upper surface that is flush with an upper surface of the fluorocarbon layer. The interconnect structure thus formed has an improved reliability.

Catalyst systems and methods for making and using the same are disclosed. A catalyst composition is provided that includes a catalyst compound supported to form a supported catalyst system, the catalyst compound including:

##STR00001##

where each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and X are as discussed herein.

A method of making an organoaminosilane compound, comprising i) combining A) a compound comprising a primary or secondary amine, B) monosilane (SiH.sub.4), and C) a catalyst, where the catalyst comprises magnesium or boron, where A), B) and C) are combined under sufficient conditions to form the organoaminosilane compound and hydrogen. A method of making a silylamine, the method comprising: i) forming an organoaminosilane compound by i) combining A) a compound comprising a primary or secondary amine, B) monosilane (SiH.sub.4), and C) a catalyst, where the catalyst comprises magnesium or boron, and ii) combining ammonia and the organoaminosilane compound produced in i) under sufficient conditions to form a silylamine product and a byproduct, where the byproduct is a primary or secondary amine.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are silicon containing detectable compounds and methods of use thereof.

The present disclosure provides boron-containing diacylhydrazines having Formula I: ##STR00001##
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are defined as set forth in the specification. The present disclosure also provides the use of boron-containing diacylhydrazines is ecdysone receptor-based inducible gene expression systems. Thus, the present disclosure is useful for applications such as gene therapy, treatment of disease, large scale production of proteins and antibodies, cell-based screening assays, functional genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and regulation of traits in transgenic organisms, where control of gene expression levels is desirable.