The present invention concerns a pet litter comprising a composition comprising 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol. The present invention further relates to methods and uses of a composition comprising 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol in pet litters, in particular for promoting in-litter elimination by pets.

Provided herein are processes for preparing an oligomer (e.g., a morpholino oligomer). The synthetic processes described herein may be advantageous to scaling up oligomer synthesis while maintaining overall yield and purity of a synthesized oligomer.

The process for producing a silyl phosphine compound of the present invention comprises a first step of mixing a solvent having a relative dielectric constant of not more than 4, a basic compound, a silylating agent and phosphine to obtain a solution containing a silyl phosphine compound, a second step of removing the solvent from the solution containing a silyl phosphine compound to obtain a concentrated solution of a silyl phosphine compound, and a third step of distilling the concentrated solution of a silyl phosphine compound to obtain the silyl phosphine compound. The silyl phosphine compound of the present invention is a silyl phosphine compound represented by the following general formula (1), wherein a content of a compound represented by the following general formula (2) is not more than 0.5 mol %. (For explanatory notes of the formulas, see the specification.)

This invention provides for prodrug Compounds I, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their use in treating HIV infection.

##STR00001## wherein: X is C or N with the proviso that when X is N, R.sup.1 does not exist; W is C or N with the proviso that when W is N, R.sup.2 does not exist; V is C; E is hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and Y is selected from the group consisting of

##STR00002##

Also, this invention provides for intermediate Compounds II useful in making prodrug Compounds I.

##STR00003## wherein: L and M are independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, trialkylsilyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy and 2-trimethylsilylethoxy.

The silyl phosphine compound of the present invention is represented by the formula (1) and has an arsenic content of not more than 1 ppm. The process for producing a silyl phosphine compound of the present invention is a process comprising mixing a basic compound, a silylating agent and phosphine to obtain a solution containing a silyl phosphine compound, removing a solvent from the solution to obtain a concentrated solution of a silyl phosphine compound, and distilling the concentrated solution, wherein an arsenic content in the phosphine is adjusted to not more than 1 ppm by volume in terms of arsine. The process for producing InP quantum dots of the present invention uses, as a phosphorus source, a silyl phosphine compound represented by the formula (1) and having an arsenic content of not more than 1 ppm by mass.

##STR00001##

(For definition of R, see the specification.)

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery. The lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a positive active material; a negative electrode including a negative active material; and an electrolyte including a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1. The negative active material includes Si at about 0.1 wt % to about 32 wt % in amount based on a total weight of the negative active material.

##STR00001## wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, A is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic chain or (C.sub.2H.sub.4OC.sub.2H.sub.4)n, and n is an integer from 1 to 10.

The invention provides a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein B is a nucleobase; U is O or S; R.sup.x is OC(O)R.sup.y, OC(O)CH(R.sup.y)NH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2OC(O)R.sup.y; R.sup.y is optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl or the side chain of a natural or unnatural amino acid R.sup.1 is H, or optionally substituted phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, pyridyl or indolyl, or R.sup.x and R.sup.1 together define a bond thus forming a cyclic phosphate; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 together define the side chain of a natural or unnatural amino acid; R.sup.3 is optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof which are useful in the treatment of cancer, especially leukemias.

The disclosure relates to an aqueous acidizing fluid. In addition to an acid, the fluid contains an organophosphorus surfactant and/or an acid retarder. The organophosphorus surfactant may be an amino phosphonate or a phosphino carboxylate. The acid retarder comprises the combination of urea or a urea derivative and a bifunctional organic compound. Suitable bifunctional organic compounds contain at least one quaternary ammonium or phosphonium and at least one alcohol as well as salts of nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings.

Provided are a divalent phosphazenium salt which is neutral and is excellent in thermal stability and aldehyde scavenging ability, and a method for producing the same. Also provided are a polyalkylene oxide composition having a volatile aldehyde amount reduced, having generation of odor and turbidity suppressed and being excellent in urethanization reactivity, and a method for producing such a polyalkylene oxide composition, as well as a polyurethane-forming composition containing the polyalkylene oxide composition. A divalent phosphazenium salt having a specific structure. Also, a polyalkylene oxide composition comprising a divalent phosphazenium salt having a specific structure and a polyalkylene oxide, a method for producing the same, and a polyurethane-forming composition containing the same.

This invention provides for prodrug Compounds I, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their use in treating HIV infection.

##STR00001##

wherein:
X is C or N with the proviso that when X is N, R.sup.1 does not exist;
W is C or N with the proviso that when W is N, R.sup.2 does not exist;
V is C;
E is hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
Y is selected from the group consisting of

##STR00002##

Also, this invention provides for intermediate Compounds II useful in making prodrug Compounds I.

##STR00003##

wherein:
L and M are independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, trialkylsilyl, -2,2,2-trichloroethoxy and 2-trimethylsilylethoxy.