A flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can be synthesized from arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can include reacting arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid and a flame retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing glufosinate or an analogue and an intermediate thereof. The method comprises: a) reacting a compound of formula (II), an alcohol of formula (III) and a compound of formula (V); and b) hydrolyzing the product of the reaction above to obtain glufosinate of formula (IV) or an analogue thereof.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing glufosinate or analogues thereof.

Solid forms of L-glufosinate materials, including crystalline L-glufosinate ammonium, are described.

Solid forms of L-glufosinate materials, including crystalline L-glufosinate ammonium, are described.

Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of their use are provided for reducing inflammation in a subject, blocking leukocyte recruitment, inhibiting tumor metastasis, treating sepsis and preventing/reducing acute kidney injury.

The present invention relates to a novel organic compound and an organic electroluminescent device using same and, more specifically, to a compound having excellent electron injection and transport capabilities, and an organic electroluminescent device of which properties such as luminous efficiency, driving voltage, lifespan, and the like, and progressive driving voltage are improved due to the inclusion of the same in at least one organic layer.

Disclosed is a method of preparing glufosinate, and specifically a method of preparing glufosinate represented by formula (1) or its salt or enantiomer, or a mixture of its enantiomers in any ratio, comprising a step of hydrolyzing a compound of formula (III) to generate a compound of formula (1). Due to a distinctive reaction mechanism adopted in the method of the present disclosure, a halogenated hydrocarbon by-product in the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction can be avoided and thus the destructive impact of the halogenated hydrocarbon by-product on ozone in the aerosphere can be prevented. Accordingly, the equipment and engineering investments required for the separation, purification, and collection of the foregoing by-product are eliminated, and the potential environmental and safety hazards brought by the foregoing by-product are also avoided.

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Provided is a light absorbing agent that excels in miscibility with a resin, a method of manufacturing such a light absorbing agent, a composition that excels in dispersiveness of such a light absorbing agent, and an optical member that excels in visible light transmitting performance and near-infrared radiation blocking performance. The light absorbing agent contains a compound expressed by Formula (1) below and a copper ion.

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In the above, R.sup.1 is a group expressed by Formula (2) above, R.sup.10 is an alkylene group or arylene group that may have a substituent, R.sup.12 is an alkylene group or arylene group that may have a substituent, and the other symbols are as described in the specification.

An exemplary embodiment relates to novel protein modulators capable of altering function of the mutant CFTR protein and their use for treating diseases associated with CFTR protein malfunction. The invention provides compositions, pharmaceutical preparations and methods of correcting the cellular alteration of a mutant CFTR protein wherein the CFTR mutation is a mutation F508-CFTR, or another mutation of class II.