To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I), where Ar.sub.1 is a pyridinium ring having a structure represented by the following general formula (IIa), (IIb), or (IIc), where Ar.sub.2 is a monovalent heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, but Ar.sub.2 is not a pyridinium ring; R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are each independently a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; A is a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; and B.sup.− is a monovalent anion.

##STR00001##

Methods and compounds are disclosed for treating a disease or condition by inhibiting PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen) using prodrugs of 2-PMPA.

The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of the crystalline polymorph of sodium neridronate in form hemihydrate F, comprising the following steps: a) reacting the 6-aminohexanoic acid with a mixture of phosphorous acid and methanesulfonic acid at a temperature in the range from 60 to 80° C., under stirring, until a clear solution is obtained; b) adding rl phosphorus trichloride to said solution of step (a) under stirring at a temperature in the range of 60 to 80° C.; c) diluting with water the reaction mixture obtained from the previous step (b) and heating said water diluted mixture at a temperature in the range from 80 to 120° C.; d) cooling the heated mixture obtained in step (c) up to room temperature, diluting it with water, then slowly adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution up to a pH in the range from 4.2 to 4.6, to obtain a neutralized solution; e) bringing the neutralized solution of step (d) up to a temperature of about 70° C., then subjecting it to a temperature increase in the range from 70 to 140° C., until evaporation of at least 70% of the initial volume of the neutralized solution of step (d), thus obtaining a suspension to be kept under stirring for at least 1 hour; f) cooling the suspension of step (e) up to a temperature in the range from around 5 to 25° C.; and g) recovering the crystalline sodium neridronate in hemihydrate form F by filtering the suspension of the previous step (f). The process is particularly simple, scalable and environmentally sustainable

An article that can be used for biomaterial capture comprises (a) a porous substrate; and (b) borne on the porous substrate, a polymer comprising interpolymerized units of at least one monomer consisting of (1) at least one monovalent ethylenically unsaturated group, (2) at least one monovalent ligand functional group selected from acidic groups, basic groups other than guanidino, and salts thereof, and (3) a multivalent spacer group that is directly bonded to the monovalent groups so as to link at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one ligand functional group by a chain of at least six catenated atoms.

An article that can be used for biomaterial capture comprises (a) a porous substrate; and (b) borne on the porous substrate, a polymer comprising interpolymerized units of at least one monomer consisting of (1) at least one monovalent ethylenically unsaturated group, (2) at least one monovalent ligand functional group selected from acidic groups, basic groups other than guanidino, and salts thereof, and (3) a multivalent spacer group that is directly bonded to the monovalent groups so as to link at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one ligand functional group by a chain of at least six catenated atoms.

Compounds, methods of use, and processes for making inhibitors of Complement Factor B are provided.

The invention relates to a method for producing ethylenedialkylphosphinic acids, esters and salts, and to the use thereof as flame retardants. The claimed method is characterised in that •a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) in the presence of catalyst A so as to obtain an alkylphosphonous acid, salt or ester (II) thereof, and •b) the alkylphosphonous acid, salt or ester (II) thereof obtained in this manner is reacted with acetylenic compound (V) in the presence of catalyst B in order to obtain the ethylenedialkylphosphinic acid derivative (III), •catalyst A being transition metals and/or transition metal compounds and/or catalyst systems composed of a transition metal and/or a transition metal compound and at least one ligand •and catalyst B being electromagnetic radiation.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to compounds of general formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: (I) wherein Ri is selected from an SCN— group or is an RCONH— group; in particular, where Ri=RCONH, R is selected from an aromatic benzene ring substituted with an SCN— group in the ortho, meta or para position, according to the following formula: SCN— or R is a C1-C4 alkyl chain, substituted with an SCN— group; n can be equal to 0 or else 1. The invention also relates to the use of such compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis and in general of bone pathologies characterised by a progressive loss of bone mass, for example rheumatoid arthritis, hyperparathyroidism or bone tumour metastases

##STR00001##

The invention relates to compounds of general formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: (I) wherein Ri is selected from an SCN— group or is an RCONH— group; in particular, where Ri=RCONH, R is selected from an aromatic benzene ring substituted with an SCN— group in the ortho, meta or para position, according to the following formula: SCN— or R is a C1-C4 alkyl chain, substituted with an SCN— group; n can be equal to 0 or else 1. The invention also relates to the use of such compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis and in general of bone pathologies characterised by a progressive loss of bone mass, for example rheumatoid arthritis, hyperparathyroidism or bone tumour metastases

##STR00001##

Flame retardants produced by heating certain phosphonic acid salts at temperatures over 200° C. are readily compounded into high temperature polyamides that are processed at temperatures above 270° C. to provide flame retardant, high temperature polyamide compositions.