Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), and Formula (IV) or salts thereof, wherein R.sub.2 is OH or OP(O)(OH).sub.2; and R.sub.1 is defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a chiral spiro phosphine-nitrogen-sulfur (PNS) tridentate ligand, preparation method and application thereof. The PNS tridentate ligand is a compound represented by Formula I or Formula II, their racemates, optical isomers, or catalytically acceptable salts thereof. The ligand has a primary structure skeleton characterized as a chiral spiro indan skeleton structure with a thio group. The chiral spiro phosphine-nitrogen-sulfur tridentate ligand can be synthesized by reacting racemic or optical active compound 7-diary/alkyl phosphine-7-amino-1, 1-spiro-dihydro-indene compound having a spiro-dihydro-indene skeleton as the starting material. The chiral spiro PNS tridentate ligand being complex with transition metal salt can be used in an asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation reaction for catalyzing carbonyl compound. In particular, in asymmetric hydrogenation reaction process, being complex with iridium for catalyzing -alkyl--keto ester can obtain a high catalytic activity (a catalyst amount of 0.0002% mol) and high enantioselectivity (up to 99.9% ee) result. So the present invention has a practical value for industrial and commercial production. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a GPR84 receptor antagonist and use thereof. The GPR84 receptor antagonist of the present invention has a structure as represented by formula (I), the definitions of R1, R2, R3, R4, L.sub.1, L.sub.2, L.sub.3, L.sub.4, L.sub.5, L.sub.6, Y, Z, and rings A, B, C, and D are as described in the description and claims. The GPR84 receptor antagonist of the present invention can competitively inhibit the activation of the receptor caused by an agonist of GPR84, and can be used in the preparation of a medicament for treating related diseases caused by high expression or high excitability of GPR84 receptor, the diseases including multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis and the like.

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The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

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The compounds, compositions, methods and kits of the invention are useful for the treatment of pain, itch, and neurogenic inflammation.

The present invention relates to a metal-organic framework and an energy storage system having the same, and more specifically, to an energy storage system that is capable of providing excellent electrical conductivity and electrochemical capacity properties, especially excellent electrochemical performance at low temperatures, by means of a novel one-dimensional metal-organic framework having thianthrene-based organic ligands.

The present invention provides IP4-4,6 substituted derivatives, their methods of synthesis and their uses. In some aspects, the IP4-4,6 derivative is a compound of formula I wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.7, and R.sub.11 are OPO.sub.3.sup.2?, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.9 are selected from the group consisting of O(Alkyl).sub.nX, O(Alkyl).sub.yCy(Alkyl.sub.2).sub.y-Z, O(Alkyl).sub.yA(Alkyl).sub.y-Z, and their thiophosphate analogs. Also provided are methods, pharmaceutical compositions and formulations, methods of use, articles of manufacture, and kits for the treatment of diseases and conditions such as pathological crystallization-related diseases and conditions.

Provided is a host material compound having a structure represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001## in which m and n, respectively representing the number of electron donors D and the number of electron acceptors A, are each 1, 2 or 3; p and q, respectively representing the number of the group L.sub.1 and the number of the group L.sub.2, are each 0, 1, or 2. D, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic group, aryl, heteroaryl, fused aryl, or fused heteroaryl; and A is selected from nitrogen-containing heterocyclic substituents, cyano-containing substituents, triaryl-boron-derived substituents, and phosphorus oxygen double bond-containing substituents. The compound has a D-()--()-A structure with bipolarity, and the bond can interrupt an intramolecular charge transfer between D and A, so that the excited state is limited to a local excited state in moiety of D or A, and the compound has a small excited-state dipole moment.

The invention relates to a method for preparing substituted thiolactones of formula (I), new substituted thiolactones of formula (I) that can be obtained by carrying out said method, and the use of substituted thiolactones of formula (I) or (I) for synthesizing polymers or functionalizing surfaces or polymers.

Provided is a photoelectric conversion element, including a first electrode that has a photosensitive layer containing a light absorbing agent on a conductive support, in which the light absorbing agent contains a compound having a perovskite-type crystal structure that has an organic cation represented by Formulas (1) and (2), a cation of a metal atom, and an anion; and a solar cell which is formed of this photoelectric conversion element.

C(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)N(R.sup.1a).sub.3.sup.+Formula (1)

R.sup.4NR.sup.2a.sub.3.sup.+Formula (2)

R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 represent specific substituent that may be different from each other. R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a represent a hydrogen atom or a specific substituent.

The present disclosure provides certain bicyclic heteroaryl phosphonate compounds that inhibit ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) enzymatic activity and are therefore useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and processes for preparing such compounds.