Novel transition metal complexes of iron, cobalt, ruthenium, osmium, and vanadium are described. The transition metal complexes can be used as redox mediators in enzyme based electrochemical sensors. In such instances, transition metal complexes accept electrons from, or transfer electrons to, enzymes at a high rate and also exchange electrons rapidly with the sensor. The transition metal complexes include at least one substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand and may further include a second substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand or a substituted or unsubstituted bipyridine or pyridylimidazole ligand. Transition metal complexes attached to polymeric backbones are also described.

The present application discloses novel amino-sulfide metal catalysts for organic chemical syntheses including hydrogenation (reduction) of unsaturated compounds or dehydrogenation of substrates. The range of hydrogenation substrate compounds includes esters, lactones, oils and fats, resulting in alcohols, diols, and triols as reaction products. The catalysts of current application can be used to catalyze a hydrogenation reaction under solvent free conditions. The present catalysts also allow the hydrogenation to proceed without added base, and it can be used in place of the conventional reduction methods employing hydrides of the main-group elements. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present application can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction under homogenous and/or acceptorless conditions. As such, the catalysts provided herein can be useful in substantially reducing cost and improving the environmental profile of manufacturing processes for a variety of chemicals.

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:

M(L.sub.11).sub.n1(L.sub.12).sub.n2Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, M is a third row transition metal, L.sub.11 is a ligand represented by Formula 2, n1 is 1 or 2, and when n1 is two, two groups L.sub.11 are identical to or different from each other, L.sub.12 is an organic ligand, n2 is 0, 1, 2, or 3, and when n2 is two or more, two or more of groups L.sub.12 are identical to or different from each other:

##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 2, groups and variables are the same as described in the specification.

A new class of ligands derived from benzo[h]quinoline are described and these ligands are used to prepare several novel transition metal complexes. The complexes are preferably of the group VIII transition metals iron, ruthenium or osmium, with the benzo[h]quinolone ligands acting as tridentate ligands. The complexes described are proved to be very active catalysts for the reduction of ketones and aldehydes to alcohols, via hydrogen transfer and hydrogenation reactions. These compounds hence can be usefully employed as catalysts in said reduction reactions.

An organometallic compound may be represented by one selected from the group of Formulae 5 to 8: ##STR00001##

A photoelectric conversion element, a photoelectric conversion element, a dye-sensitized solar cell and a dye solution, having an electrically conductive support, a photoconductor layer containing an electrolyte, a charge transfer layer containing an electrolyte, and a counter electrode, wherein the photoconductor layer contains semiconductor fine particles carrying a metal complex dye; and wherein the metal complex dye has at least a carboxyl group and a salt of the carboxyl group, the salt being selected from the group consisting of a potassium salt, a lithium salt, and a cesium salt, and the ratio of the number of the salt of the carboxyl group divided by the total number of the carboxyl group and the salt of the carboxyl group to be found in one molecule of the metal complex dye, lying in the range of 0.1 to 0.9.

The present invention relates to: a transition metal complex having a bidentate ligand which includes pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, or the like, wherein the transition metal complex can be used as an electron transfer mediator in a continuous blood glucose monitor and the like for measuring blood glucose concentration; and an oxidation-reduction polymer comprising same. The transition metal complex and the oxidation-reduction polymer can quickly and smoothly exchange electrons between an enzyme and an electrode, and thus can be effectively used in a continuous blood glucose biosensor.

An organometallic compound of Formula 1:

##STR00001## wherein in Formula 1, groups and variables are as described in the specification.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element that has low drive voltage, high emission efficiency, long endurance and an excellent effect of preventing generation of dark spots. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device and a display device each including the organic electroluminescent element. The organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention includes an anode, a cathode, and an emissive layer, and the organic electroluminescent element includes a layer containing compound A that has a difference of 0 nm or more and 5 nm or less between the maximum emission wavelength on the shortest wavelength side in an emission spectrum measured at 300 K and the maximum emission wavelength on the shortest wavelength side in an emission spectrum measured at 77 K.

The present invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes, especially as emitters.