The compounds are of the class of N4-hydroxycytidine nucleosides, modified monophosphate and phosphonates prodrugs analogs, and pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof, useful in treating HCV or Norovirus infections.

The present disclosure provides 3′ protected nucleotides, including those 3′ protected nucleotides having a detectable tag. Systems and methods of sequencing nucleic acids using the 3′ protected nucleotides are also disclosed, such as the sequencing of a nucleic acid using a nanopore or the sequencing of a nucleic acid via sequencing-by-synthesis.

The present disclosure provides 3′ protected nucleotides, including those 3′ protected nucleotides having a detectable tag. Systems and methods of sequencing nucleic acids using the 3′ protected nucleotides are also disclosed, such as the sequencing of a nucleic acid using a nanopore or the sequencing of a nucleic acid via sequencing-by-synthesis.

The present invention provides compounds and compositions containing reduced nicotinamide riboside for use in methods of prevention and/or treatment of skeletal muscle disease and/or conditions. In one embodiment of the invention, said compounds and compositions of the invention improve skeletal muscle by maintaining or improving muscle function; maintaining or increasing muscle mass; maintaining or improving muscle strength; and improving muscle recovery and regeneration after injury or surgery. In another embodiment of the invention, compounds and compositions of the invention may be used in methods to prevent and/or treat skeletal muscle diseases and/or conditions such as: cachexia or precachexia; sarcopenia, myopathy, dystrophy, and/or recovery after intense exercise, muscle injury or surgery.

The invention provides a compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R is methyl or ethyl. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the compound. The invention further provides a method for increasing cell NAD.sup.+ production or improving mitochondrial densities in a cell, wherein the method comprises administering to the cell a compound or salt of the invention.

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The invention provides a compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R is methyl or ethyl. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the compound. The invention further provides a method for increasing cell NAD.sup.+ production or improving mitochondrial densities in a cell, wherein the method comprises administering to the cell a compound or salt of the invention.

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The present disclosure relates to compounds and compositions for use in treating disease, such as viral infection. As disclosed herein, the compounds include an “NMN-like” moiety linked to another moiety with biological activity upon administration. In some cases, the disease to be treated is infection with viruses. Such viruses include coronaviruses, such as SARS, MERS, or COVID-19, HIV, and viruses associated with hepatitis. Further, the invention relates to methods of using such compounds or compositions to promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cells and tissues for treating diseases and/or improving cell and tissue survival.

The present disclosure relates to compounds and compositions for use in treating disease, such as viral infection. As disclosed herein, the compounds include an “NMN-like” moiety linked to another moiety with biological activity upon administration. In some cases, the disease to be treated is infection with viruses. Such viruses include coronaviruses, such as SARS, MERS, or COVID-19, HIV, and viruses associated with hepatitis. Further, the invention relates to methods of using such compounds or compositions to promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cells and tissues for treating diseases and/or improving cell and tissue survival.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for preventing or treating aging, or an aging-related disorder, a disorder associated with inflammation, or for modulating an immune response in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formulas I-XIII.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for preventing or treating aging, or an aging-related disorder, a disorder associated with inflammation, or for modulating an immune response in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formulas I-XIII.