The invention relates to a container holder 10, comprising a main body 12 which in turn comprises a gas inlet 16; a solution liquid outlet 18; a gas control valve 20 through which a gas enters the container 100 from the gas inlet; and a sealing means 22 for the container, which sealing means includes a passageway 24 for the input of gas and output of a solution in the container via an egress tube 19; wherein when the container is connected to the container holder through the sealing means, the gas control valve opens automatically, and when the container is disconnected the gas control valve is closed automatically. The invention further relates to a container panel 50 which includes two or more container holders. Also disclosed are methods of using these containers and container panels for synthesizing a polypeptide.

A continuous, solvent-free and non-enzymatic method for synthesizing a compound of formula (I): Ra-POLYPEP-Rc (I) wherein: POLYPEP is a poly-amino acid compound, Ra and Rc are as specified, the method including the steps of: a) feeding an extrusion reactor with (1) a compound of formula (II) Ra-PEPNt-Rg (II) wherein; PEPNt is a mono- or a poly-amino acid compound, Ra and Rg are as specified, and (2) a compound of formula (III) H-PEPCt-Rc (III) wherein: PEPCt is a mono- or a poly-amino acid compound, and Rc is as defined in the absence of any solvent, so that the compound of formula (II) and the compound of formula (III) react together for generating a compound of formula (I), and b) collecting the compound of formula (I) from the extrusion reactor.

The present invention has an object of shortening the process time and reducing use of a poor solvent for solidifying a carrier (Tag)-peptide component, by removing impurities without conducting solid-liquid separation (condensation, solid-liquid separation and drying operation) of a Tag-peptide component, in an Fmoc method using a Tag for liquid phase peptide synthesis. Provided is the peptide synthesis method that includes the following steps a-d: step a: a carrier-protected amino acid, carrier-protected peptide, or a carrier-protected amino acid amide, and an N-Fmoc-protected amino acid or an N-Fmoc-protected peptide are condensed in an organic solvent or a mixed solution of organic solvents, to obtain an N-Fmoc-carrier-protected peptide, step b: a water-soluble amine is added to the reaction solution after the condensation reaction, step c: the Fmoc group is deprotected from the protected amino group in the presence of a water-soluble amine, and step d: the reaction solution is neutralized by adding an acid, and further, by adding and washing with an acidic aqueous solution, then, by liquid-liquid separation an aqueous layer is removed to obtain an organic layer.

A method for producing an amide includes: dehydrating and condensing carboxylic acids and then reacting them with a base, and reacting them with an amine.

The invention relates to novel methods for synthesizing amanitin derivatives having an amino group attached to position 6 of the central tryptophan moiety. The invention furthermore relates to a novel amanitin derivative having an amino group attached to position 6 of the central tryptophan moiety, novel conjugates of such amanitin derivative, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such conjugates.

The disclosure relates to chemical compositions that can include anchor molecules for chemical synthesis. GAP anchor molecules can include GAP constituents, linker constituents, and spacer constituents. Anchor molecules can be used to synthetically manufacture peptides. A novel method of solution-phase peptide synthesis is also disclosed that utilizes novel group-assisted purification protecting groups to facilitate efficient, scalable chemistry to synthetically manufacture peptides.

The present invention relates to methods and compounds for the solid phase synthesis of peptides carrying a substituent at an amino group of an amino acid side chain.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a protecting group which improves the solubility of a compound having a functional group protected with the protecting group in an organic solvent and which is easily separated and purified after a reaction with avoiding solidification or insolubilization. Provided is a benzyl compound represented by Formula (1) where X.sup.1 represents CH.sub.2OR.sup.14 (where R.sup.14 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogenocarbonyl group, or an active ester-type protecting group), CH.sub.2NHR.sup.5 (where R.sup.15 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group), a halogenomethyl group, a methyl azide group, a formyl group, or an oxime; and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 is a group represented by Formula (2), and the remainders each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, where R.sup.6 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms; X.sup.2 represents O or CONR.sup.16 (where R.sup.16 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms); and A represents a group represented by Formula (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), or (13).

The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of high purity glucagon comprising the use of Xmb-protected amino acids, wherein may Xmb include, e.g., 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl, 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl, or 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl. The process also comprises the use of building blocks such as pseudoprolines to avoid aggregation and obtain the product in high yield and purity.

The invention relates to a method for preparing peptides comprising the step of forming a peptide bond wherein the carboxyl group of a first amino acid or first peptide is activated and an amino group of the first activated amino acid or first peptide is protected by a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group and the activated carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is reacted with an amino group of a second amino acid or second peptide wherein said carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is activated in the absence of the second amino acid or second peptide. The invention further relates to peptides comprising a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group being bound to the amino group and an activated or free carboxyl group.