Methods for the preparation of sample polypeptide fractions are described. Sample polypeptides may be isolated from any of a variety of sources, including biological and non-biological systems. Sample polypeptides may be coupled or conjugated to other molecules to permit characterization of the sample polypeptide fractions. Sample polypeptide fractions may be prepared for analysis by a polypeptide assay.

Provided herein are thiosuccinyl-crosslinked hemoglobin analogs useful as blood replacement agents, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and the methods of use and preparation thereof.

Disclosed are a novel self-assembled amino acid supramolecular polymer, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. The self-assembled supramolecular polymer is N-lauroyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine or a salt thereof, and the salt thereof comprises sodium N-lauroyl-L-alanyl-L-alaninate and potassium N-lauroyl-L-alanyl-L-alaninate. The disclosed polymer is more effective at inhibiting bacteria and removing pesticides, and can be widely applied to the daily chemical, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. Further disclosed are three methods for preparing the compound. The methods produce products in high yields and are suitable for industrial production.

The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for the preparation and use of free fatty acids as crystals and in solution, optionally in array format, for assay of lipotoxicity and related effects (in certain cases, indicators of diseases or disorders, such as type II diabetes) in contacted cells. Identification and therapeutic targeting of high-value gene targets discovered via joint assessment of lipotoxicity/transcriptome data and genetic association study data are also provided.

The present invention relates to tyrosine-specific functionalized insulin analogs and processes of making such tyrosine-specific functionalized insulin analogs using R-3H-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-(4H)diones (PTAD).

The present invention provides conjugates of a first polypeptide and a second polypeptide wherein the link between the first polypeptide and the second polypeptide comprises the following moiety.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a peptide with high efficiency, and a method for producing a peptide which comprises the following steps (1) and (2): (1) a step of mixing an N-protected amino acid or an N-protected peptide with a carboxylic acid halide represented by the formula (I)

##STR00001##

(wherein X represents a halogen atom,
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and a total number of the carbon atoms in R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is 3 to 40); and (2) a step of mixing the product obtained in the step (1) and a C-protected amino acid or a C-protected peptide
is provided.

Aspects of the invention include a method for synthesizing a peptide brush polymer, the method comprising: exposing a mixture comprising peptide-containing monomers, one or more photoinitiators, and one or more chain transfer agents to a light sufficient to induce photopolymerization, and photopolymerizing the peptide-containing monomers in the mixture; wherein: the resulting peptide brush polymer comprises at least one peptide-containing polymer block; the at least one peptide-containing polymer block is characterized by a degree of polymerization of at least 10 and a peptide graft density of 50% to 100%; and at least one peptide moiety of the at least one peptide-containing polymer block has 5 or more amino acid groups.

Provided herein are hierarchical protein structures comprising two or more proteins extending in one or more dimensions, the hierarchical protein structure comprising: a first protein comprising: (i) a patch A comprising one or more polynucleotides conjugated to the surface of the first protein; and (ii) a patch B comprising one or more polynucleotides conjugated to the surface of the first protein; and a second protein comprising: (i) a patch A′ comprising one or more polynucleotides conjugated to the surface of the second protein; and (ii) a patch B′ comprising one or more polynucleotides conjugated to the surface of the second protein; wherein the one or more polynucleotides of the patch A hybridizes to the one or more polynucleotides of the patch A′, and/or the one or more polynucleotides of the patch B hybridizes to the one or more polynucleotides of the patch B′ to form the hierarchical protein structure. Also provided are methods of making the hierarchical protein structures.

Provided herein are pentafluorobenzenesulfonamide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for the treatment of diseases.