Compounds of Formula (I) and methods of inhibiting the replication of viruses in a biological sample or patient, of reducing the amount of viruses in a biological sample or patient, and of treating a vims infection in a patient, comprising administering to said biological sample or patient an effective amount of a compound represented by Formula (I), a compound of Table A or B or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

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Provided are a cyclic peptide compound simulating a natural product structure- and a method for preparation thereof. The method is: the compound of formula I, a divalent palladium catalyst, and a silver salt undergoing an intramolecular arylation in a solvent under heating and stirring to construct a cyclic peptide, to generate the compound of formula II, in which the arylation sites are diverse, and can be extended to the side chain γ-position methyl or methylene of the majority hydrophobic amino acids to perform intramolecular arylation, thus overcoming the previous defect of the restriction of the types of selectable amino acids, and effectively constructing a novel aromatic ring-supported cyclic peptide compound. The aromatic ring support structure can form a novel 3D structure similar to a natural product, and provide a very favorable support for the subsequent construction of a cyclic peptide molecular library and high-throughput drug screening.

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Provided herein are antibacterial compounds, wherein the compounds in some embodiments have broad spectrum bioactivity. In various embodiments, the compounds act by inhibition of bacterial type 1 signal peptidase (SpsB), an essential protein in bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment using the compounds described herein are also provided.

Disclosed are peptide and peptidomimetic compounds generally according to formula (I) that are useful as GHRP analogs:

R.sup.1-A.sup.1-A.sup.2-A.sup.3-A.sup.4-A.sup.5-R.sup.2   (I)

wherein: A.sup.1 is Aib, Apc or Inp; A.sup.2 is D-Bal, D-Bip, D-Bpa, D-Dip, D-1Nal, D-2Nal, D-Ser(Bzl), or D-Trp; A.sup.3 is D-Bal, D-Bip, D-Bpa, D-Dip, D-1Nal, D-2Nal, D-Ser(Bzl), or D-Trp; A.sup.4 is 2Fua, Orn, 2Pal, 3Pal, 4Pal, Pff, Phe, Pim, Taz, 2Thi, 3Thi, Thr(Bzl); A.sup.5 is Apc, Dab, Dap, Lys, Orn, or deleted; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, (C1-6)alkyl, (C5-14)aryl, (C1-6)alkyl(C5-14)aryl, (C3-8)cycloakyl, or (C2-10)acyl; and R.sup.2 is OH or NH.sub.2;
and pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof.

Systems and methods for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma or other cancer utilizing targeting peptides are described. The targeting peptides interact with SCC cells or other cancerous cells to block or interfere with 14-3-3ε heterodimerization or CDC25A binding to 14-3-3ε. A peptide composition embodiment includes, but is not limited to, at least one of a first targeting peptide comprising a structure of Ac-Gln-Arg-Gln-Asn-Ser-(PO.sub.3.sup.2−)-Ala-Pro-Ala-Arg-NH.sub.2 (SEQ ID NO: 4) and a second targeting peptide comprising a structure of Ac-Arg-Thr-Lys-Ser-Arg-Thr(PO.sub.3.sup.2−)-Trp-Ala-Gly-NH.sub.2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), and a third targeting peptide comprising a modification of or a substituted derivative of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) and in particular medicaments comprising at least one compound of the formula (I) for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of physiological and/or pathophysiological states in the triggering of which cathepsin D is involved, in particular for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of arthrosis, traumatic cartilage injuries, arthritis, pain, allodynia or hyperalgesia.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing an inhibitor which has an excellent inhibitory activity on a p21-activated kinase. The present invention, by which has been solved the above-mentioned problem, is a p21-activated kinase 1 inhibitor containing, as an active ingredient, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of dehydrokawain compounds, derivatives of dehydrokawain compounds, mimosine, derivatives of mimosine, and cucurbitacin compounds.

Short tri- and tetrapeptides according to the following Formula I Ar(CH2).sub.mX.sup.1—X.sup.2—CO—X.sup.3—X.sup.4—X.sup.5-(Trp).sub.n-NX.sup.6R are potent, selective agonists of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions including Formula I peptide agonists of MC1R and methods of treating skin diseases and disorders that include administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutic amount of a Formula I peptide. The peptides, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods described herein are useful in the treatment of diseases and disorders that benefit from agonism of MCIR, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, porphyria, polymorphous light eruption, vitiligo, and solar urticaria.

The subject invention pertains to a modified MC1R peptide ligand comprising a peptide that is a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) ligand and a functionality or linker, such as a click functionality, for conjugation to a surface or agent. The modified MC1R peptide ligand can be coupled, e.g., via a click reaction with a complementary click functionality attached, to a moiety to form an MC1R-targeted agent. Drugs, contrast agents, polymers, particles, micelles, surfaces of larger structures, or other moieties can be targeted to the MC1R. The subject invention also pertains to a MC1R peptide ligand-micelle complex comprising a peptide that is a melanocortin 1 receptor ligand connected via a click reaction product to a micelle. The micelle is stable in vivo and can target melanoma tumor cells by association of the peptide ligand with the MC1R or the tumor and selectively provide a detectable and/or therapeutic agent (such as an imageable contrast agent and/or anti-cancer agent) selectively to the tumor cell.

Described is a conjugation of a tubulysin analog compound to a cell-binding molecule with branched/side-chain linkers for having better delivery of the conjugate compound and targeted treatment of abnormal cells. Also described are a branched-linkage method of conjugation of a tubulysin analog molecule to a cell-binding ligand, as well as methods of using the conjugate in targeted treatment of cancer, infection and autoimmune disease.