Compounds of formula (1):

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, are described. The compounds are α4β7 antagonists and are useful in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory conditions and/or autoimmune diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease.

Disclosed is a preparation method of a composition containing a nitrogen heterocyclic hexapeptide precursor, composition A and B containing a nitrogen heterocyclic hexapeptide precursor of a compound having formula I and formula II obtained by the method, and an application of the composition used for preparing a compound having formula III.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a preparation method of a composition containing a nitrogen heterocyclic hexapeptide precursor, composition A and B containing a nitrogen heterocyclic hexapeptide precursor of a compound having formula I and formula II obtained by the method, and an application of the composition used for preparing a compound having formula III.

##STR00001##

In accordance with the present disclosure, compounds have been discovered that bind to PD-L1 and are capable of inhibiting the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 and CD80. These macrocyclic compounds exhibit in vitro immunomodulatory efficacy thus making them therapeutic candidates for the treatment of various diseases including cancer and infectious diseases.

In accordance with the present disclosure, compounds have been discovered that bind to PD-L1 and are capable of inhibiting the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 and CD80. These macrocyclic compounds exhibit in vitro immunomodulatory efficacy thus making them therapeutic candidates for the treatment of various diseases including cancer and infectious diseases.

The present invention provides nucleic acid templates (e.g., including orthogonal codon sets (e.g., codons from orthogonal codon sets depicted in Tables 5 or 7)) for DNA-templated methods of synthesizing, selecting, and amplifying compounds (e.g., polymers and/or small molecules) described herein. Also provided are novel macrocyclic compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, prodrugs, libraries, and compositions thereof. Also provided are methods and kits involving the inventive compounds or compositions for treating and/or preventing a disease (e.g., a disease associated with aberrant enzyme activity (e.g., aberrant protease and/or kinase activity (e.g., aberrant IDE activity)), impaired insulin signaling, or insulin resistance in a subject (e.g., a subject having diabetes). Treatment of a subject with a proliferative disease using a compound or composition of the invention may inhibit aberrant protease activity (e.g., aberrant IDE activity).

The present invention provides nucleic acid templates (e.g., including orthogonal codon sets (e.g., codons from orthogonal codon sets depicted in Tables 5 or 7)) for DNA-templated methods of synthesizing, selecting, and amplifying compounds (e.g., polymers and/or small molecules) described herein. Also provided are novel macrocyclic compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, prodrugs, libraries, and compositions thereof. Also provided are methods and kits involving the inventive compounds or compositions for treating and/or preventing a disease (e.g., a disease associated with aberrant enzyme activity (e.g., aberrant protease and/or kinase activity (e.g., aberrant IDE activity)), impaired insulin signaling, or insulin resistance in a subject (e.g., a subject having diabetes). Treatment of a subject with a proliferative disease using a compound or composition of the invention may inhibit aberrant protease activity (e.g., aberrant IDE activity).

The present invention relates to a method for isolating caspofungin and to a novel crystalline form of caspofungin diacetate thus obtained.

The present invention relates to a method for isolating caspofungin and to a novel crystalline form of caspofungin diacetate thus obtained.

Provided herein are caspofungin derivatives having anti-fungal activity and methods of using same for treating fungal infection. Further provided are methods and kits for determining responsiveness to an anti-fungal activity of an echinocandin compound.