The present invention relates to a nucleic acid construct that encodes, in this order, a first Swine influenza A (IAV-S) hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of the Scot/94 lineage and a second Swine influenza A (IAV-S) hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of the Eurasian avian-like (EA) lineage, and a nucleic acid construct that encodes, in this order, a first IAV-S HA antigen of the Gent/84 lineage and a second IAV-S HA antigen of pandemic09 (pdm09) lineage. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to RNA replicon particles comprising one or both nucleic acid constructs, an immunogenic composition, such as a vaccine, which may be used against influenza A virus infections, and comprising the replicon particles. Further provided are methods of making the vaccine and use of the vaccine.

Provided is a method for producing an influenza HA split vaccine which produces an antibody that binds to a HA stem region of influenza, the HA stem region being less likely to cause antigenic variation, An influenza HA split vaccine is subjected to an acidic treatment. Through the acidic treatment, an influenza HA split vaccine which produces an antibody that binds to a LAH of the HA stem region is obtained. This influenza HA split vaccine has an excellent protective ability against infection of other influenza viruses of different antigenicity.

The present invention provides, among other things, a novel and improved method for generating “mosaic” influenza antigenic polypeptides including hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) polypeptides based on unique combination of epitope patterns that maximize exposure to epitopes present across multiple HA or NA sequences and therefore improved influenza strain coverage. In particular, the present invention provides engineered H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides that are comprised of novel combinations of protective epitopes and antigenic regions from multiple H1N1 viral strains. Such engineered HA polypeptides have improved properties over HA polypeptides developed through conventional approaches that rely on consensus alignments of viral sequences.

The invention provides a recombinant virus comprising an influenza viral backbone, wherein the influenza viral backbone comprises PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, HA, and NA gene segments, wherein at least one of the PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, HA, and NA gene segments comprises at least one nucleotide sequence that encodes one or more antigens. The invention provides a recombinant virus wherein the antigen is an immunogenic fragment of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical formulation and a method of eliciting an immune response.

The invention provides a recombinant virus comprising an influenza viral backbone, wherein the influenza viral backbone comprises PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, HA, and NA gene segments, wherein at least one of the PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, HA, and NA gene segments comprises at least one nucleotide sequence that encodes one or more antigens. The invention provides a recombinant virus wherein the antigen is an immunogenic fragment of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical formulation and a method of eliciting an immune response.

The present disclosure relates to a fusion protein comprising BP26 and an antigenic polypeptide, and to a nanoarchitecture comprising same. A vaccine composition comprising the fusion protein, nanoarchitecture, or combination thereof of the present disclosure can be used to effectively prevent or treat pathogens or cancer, and thus can be used as a multi-purpose vaccine platform.

The present disclosure relates to a fusion protein comprising BP26 and an antigenic polypeptide, and to a nanoarchitecture comprising same. A vaccine composition comprising the fusion protein, nanoarchitecture, or combination thereof of the present disclosure can be used to effectively prevent or treat pathogens or cancer, and thus can be used as a multi-purpose vaccine platform.

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to the domain of virology of Paramyxoviruses. The disclosure concerns a method for producing self-assembling paramyxoviral particles and a method for identifying a compound able to inhibit the replication or the transcription of a Paramyxovirus. The disclosure also pertains to the nucleocapsid-like particles obtainable by the method of the invention and their use for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.

The present invention relates to a nucleic acid construct comprising first, second and third nucleic acid sequences encoding first, second and third neuraminidase (NA) antigens of a Swine influenza A virus (IAV-S). The first NA antigen is of the A/swine/Scotland/410440/1994-like H1.sub.huN2 (Scot/94) lineage, the second NA antigen is of the A/swine/Gent/1/1984-like H3N2 (Gent/84) lineage, and the third NA antigen is selected from the A(H1N1)pdm09 (pdm09) lineage or the Eurasian avian-like H1.sub.avN1 (EA) lineage. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to RNA replicon particles comprising the nucleic acid construct, an immunogenic composition, such as a vaccine, which may be used against influenza A virus infection, and comprising the replicon particles.

Provided herein are group 2 influenza hemagglutinin stem polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding said polypeptides, vectors comprising said nucleic acid and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, as well as methods of their use, in particular in the prevention and/or treatment of influenza virus infections.