The present invention relates to peptide ligands of the melanocortin receptors, in particular the melancortin-4 receptor, and as such, are useful in the treatment of disorders responsive to the activation of this receptor, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and sexual dysfunction.

The present disclosure relates to, among other things, compounds and methods for treating neuropathic pain, ocular pain, ocular inflammation, and/or dry eye and methods of detecting mutations in specific G-protein coupled receptors, such as missense mutations, and determining the extent to which these mutations alter the pharmacological response of the G-protein coupled receptor.

The present disclosure relates to, among other things, compounds and methods for treating neuropathic pain, ocular pain, ocular inflammation, and/or dry eye and methods of detecting mutations in specific G-protein coupled receptors, such as missense mutations, and determining the extent to which these mutations alter the pharmacological response of the G-protein coupled receptor.

A method of treating a disorder in a subject. The method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of an agonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). The subject is a heterozygous carrier of an MC4R mutation, and the disorder results from an attenuated response of MC4R to -melanocortin stimulating hormone (-MSH).

A method of treating a disorder in a subject. The method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of an agonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). The subject is a heterozygous carrier of an MC4R mutation, and the disorder results from an attenuated response of MC4R to -melanocortin stimulating hormone (-MSH).

A method of treating a disorder in a subject. The method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of an agonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). The subject is a heterozygous carrier of an MC4R mutation, and the disorder results from an attenuated response of MC4R to -melanocortin stimulating hormone (-MSH).

A method of treating a disorder in a subject. The method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of an agonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). The subject is a heterozygous carrier of an MC4R mutation, and the disorder results from an attenuated response of MC4R to -melanocortin stimulating hormone (-MSH).

The invention described herein is based in part on the discovery of a protein/peptide crosslink, which introduces fluorescent properties, and which has been applied to synthesize analogues of melanocortin and amanitin as choice peptides to be explored in the context of isoindole peptides. Without limitation, it is expected that those trained in the art of peptide synthesis and stapling would appreciate the consequences of this invention such that other peptides of varied length can be similarly constrained by isoindole staples as featured herein.

Methods preventing, ameliorating or treating cytokine storm or inflammatory disease, indications, conditions and syndromes by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin-1 receptor-specific cyclic peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Methods preventing, ameliorating or treating cytokine storm or inflammatory disease, indications, conditions and syndromes by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin-1 receptor-specific cyclic peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.