The invention provides antibodies and related antibody agents that are cross-reactive with the spike proteins of multiple human coronaviruses. Also provided in the invention are methods and kits of using such antibodies in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In one aspect, the invention provides novel antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to a human coronavirus spike protein.

The disclosure relates to respiratory virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines and combination vaccines, as well as methods of using the vaccines and compositions comprising the vaccines.

The invention provides safer vaccines that induce less adverse reactions particular the serious adverse reactions in a host. Also provided are compositions including these safer vaccines, as well as polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, methods, and kits related thereto. Further provided are methods and kits for preventing or treating infectious diseases, infection-relating diseases, and adverse reactions of vaccines in an individual by administering to the individual a safer vaccine that induce less adverse reactions, or by administering to the individual a pathogenic antigen that neutralize pathogenic antibodies. Yet further provided are methods for identification of the presence of pathogenic antibodies inducible by a pathogen or the vaccines relating to the pathogen.

Provided herein are methods for discovery of epitope specific monoclonal antibodies to pathogens directly from immune sera for immunotherapeutic use. Further provided herein are methods to determine molecular structure of antibodies targeting an antigen from convalescent or vaccinated individuals for the purpose of rational vaccine design.

The present invention provides an antibody and a fusion protein for treating coronaviruses and use thereof. The 6-HB interference polypeptide in the fusion protein of the present invention and a part of an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment work synergistically to prevent fusion of SARS-COV or SARS-COV-2 virus particles with cells, and mediate phagocytosis and clearance of the virus particles by immune cells.

Compositions and binding agents specifically binding the Spike protein of Corona viruses via at least two different binding sites and potently neutralizing coronaviruses, in particular sarbecoviruses, such as SARS-COV-1 and SARS-COV-2. The compositions or agents specifically bind to epitopes of the Receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike protein wherein both epitopes are conserved over multiple clades of the sarbecoviruses, providing broadly neutralizing pan-specific antibody-based compositions, thereby reducing viral escape. Application and uses of these agents and compositions are disclosed.

The present invention provides an immunoassay method for assaying SARS-CoV-2 in a biological sample, including using two types of monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments thereof that bind to a peptide fragment having 30 or less consecutive amino acids in a nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, wherein the two types of monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments thereof recognize different epitopes

Described herein are antibodies that specifically recognize the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) polypeptide, compositions comprising said antibodies, uses thereof, and methods employing said antibodies. Each antibody specifically recognizes the S1-RBD domain, S1-NTD domain, or S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike polypeptide. Some antibodies are cross-reactive with variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus spike polypeptides, such as SARS-CoV S, pangolin CoV S, bat SARS-like CoV S, and civet SARS-CoV S.

Provided herein are Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) polypeptides, polynucleotides encoding the CARs, host cells containing or expressing the CARs and polynucleotides and methods of use to treat viral infections such as COVID or cancers in patients in need thereof.

The present invention provides antibodies that neutralize MERS-CoV and methods of use thereof. The invented antibody is used to treat MERS-CoV infections and symptoms thereof.