A water-soluble and/or water-swellable hybrid polymer comprising: (i) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% water-soluble and/or water-swellable polysaccharide polymer; (ii) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% synthetic polymer comprising: (a) from 40 mol-% to 99 mol-% of repeating units according to Formula (1) ##STR00001## (b) from 0.01 mol-% to 5 mol-% crosslinking or branching units, wherein the crosslinking or branching units result from the incorporation of a monomer comprising at least two olefinically unsaturated double bonds; (c) from 0.99 mol-% to 59.99 mol-% of repeating neutral structural units;
wherein components (i) and (ii) are polymerized by radical precipitation polymerization in a polar solvent.

The present invention discloses a matrix comprising a modified polysaccharide consisting of repeating disaccharide units whereby in at least 11% of the disaccharide units one primary alcohol group is oxidized into a carboxylic acid group.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of an edible and biodegradable environmental-friendly tableware, and the present invention provides a preparation method of a natural macromolecule-based edible and degradable tableware, where the principles of endogenous diffusion and polymer crosslinking to prepare an edible tableware such as a straw, a cup and a bowl from a microscopic state. The tableware material of the present invention may degrade rapidly under natural conditions and requires no composting. The tableware prepared by the method of the present invention has an excellent water stability performance. In terms of material acquisition, carrageenan, sodium alginate and other raw materials are widely available and stable, and may constitute a good substitute for grain starch, wood, etc., and the material cost is low.

The method of synthesis of bio graphene may include mixing carrageenan with a bio waste solution, adding graphene oxide to produce a mixture, sonicating the mixture, and evaporative-casting the mixture to produce bio graphene film. In an embodiment, the carrageenan may be -carrageenan. In an embodiment, the bio waste solution may include fish scales.

A water-soluble and/or water-swellable hybrid polymer comprising: (i) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% water-soluble and/or water-swellable polysaccharide polymer; (ii) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% synthetic polymer comprising: (a) from 40 mol-% to 99.9 mol-% repeating units according to Formula (1)

##STR00001## (b) from 0.01 mol-% to 5 mol-% crosslinking or branching units, wherein the crosslinking or branching units result from the incorporation of a monomer comprising at least two olefinically unsaturated double bonds; (c) from 0.01 mol-% to 88.51 mol-% of neutral structural units; (d) from 1.98 mol-% to 20 mol-% of anionic structural units, wherein the repeating anionic structural units result from the incorporation of a monomer comprising at least one carboxylate anion, and wherein the repeating anionic structural units are different from units (a);
wherein components (i) and (ii) are polymerized by radical precipitation polymerization in a polar solvent.

A water-soluble and/or water-swellable hybrid polymer comprising: (i) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% water-soluble and/or water-swellable polysaccharide polymer; (ii) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% synthetic polymer comprising: (a) from 40 mol-% to 99 mol-% of repeating units according to Formula (1)

##STR00001## (b) from 0.01 mol-% to 5 mol-% crosslinking or branching units, wherein the crosslinking or branching units result from the incorporation of a monomer comprising at least two olefinically unsaturated double bonds; (c) from 0.99 mol-% to 59.99 mol-% of repeating neutral structural units;
wherein components (i) and (ii) are polymerized by radical precipitation polymerization in a polar solvent.

A water-soluble and/or water-swellable hybrid polymer comprising: (i) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% water-soluble and/or water-swellable polysaccharide polymer; (ii) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% synthetic polymer comprising: (a) from 90 mol-% to 99.9 mol-%, preferably 95 mol-% to 99.5 mol-% of repeating units according to Formula (1)

##STR00001## (b) from 0.01 mol-% to 10 mol-%, preferably to 5 mol-%, more preferably to 3 mol-% of crosslinking or branching units, wherein the crosslinking or branching units result from the incorporation of a monomer comprising at least two olefinically unsaturated double bonds;
characterised in that the components (i) and (ii) are polymerised by radical precipitation polymerisation in a polar solvent.

The bioplastic composition comprises: at least one seaweed extract in a concentration by weight comprised between 30% and 80% with respect to the weight of the bioplastic composition; water in a concentration by weight comprised between 1% and 30% with respect to the weight of the bioplastic composition; at least four additives present in a total concentration by weight comprised between 20% and 70% with respect to the weight of the bioplastic composition; wherein the additives comprise at least one plasticizer, at least one antimicrobial agent, at least one gelling agent and at least one adjuvant.

Disclosed herein are compositions and articles made therefrom, the compositions and articles comprising at least one hydrocolloid, at least one plasticizer, at least one filler and/or humectant and water. Typically, the components are derived from biological sources, such as seaweed, plants, or animals. Typically, the components are made from food quality ingredients, making the compositions and articles edible and/or biodegradable. The compositions are used to form articles, such as straws, and the articles have desirable flexibility and moisture barrier properties, such as swelling resistance, as well as biodegradability and/or compostability properties.

A water-soluble and/or water-swellable hybrid polymer comprising: (i) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% water-soluble and/or water-swellable polysaccharide polymer selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, carrageenan, guar gum, chitosan, alginate and combinations thereof; (ii) from 5 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% synthetic polymer comprising up to 100 mol-% repeating units according to Formula (1a):

##STR00001##

wherein components (i) and (ii) are polymerized by radical precipitation polymerization in a polar solvent.