Processes of polymerizing olefin monomers. The process comprising reacting ethylene and optionally one or more olefin monomers in the presence of a catalyst system, wherein the catalyst system comprises: an activator; hydrocarbyl-modified methylaluminoxane having less than 25 mole percent trihydrocarbyl aluminum compounds AlR.sup.A1R.sup.B1R.sup.C1 based on the total moles of aluminum, where R.sup.A1, R.sup.B1, and R.sup.C1 are independently linear (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, branched (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, or (C.sub.6-C.sub.40)aryl; and one or more metal-ligand complexes according to formula (1):

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a modified polymer having the structure of Formula (I) and Formula (IV): ##STR00001## wherein A, ##STR00002##
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, a, and n are as described herein and ##STR00003## wherein ##STR00004##
R, R′, R″, x, and k are as described herein and methods for preparation thereof. The present invention also relates to a compound having the structure of Formula (II): ##STR00005## wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, a, and n are as described herein. The present invention also relates to a process for polymerizing unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers.

The system provides new methods and processes for the reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates with reactants comprising alkyne/alkene and/or protic nucleophilic moieties to afford functionalized polymeric/oligomeric products through the utilization of homogenous and/or heterogenous gold catalysis. More specifically, the system provides routes for reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates comprising varying degrees of aromatic character with alkyne/alkene bearing molecules to afford a functionalized polymeric/oligomeric product. The system additionally provides pathways wherein the inverse methodology is realized, providing functionalized materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing alkyne/alkene moieties with aromatic and/or protic nucleophilic reagents. Furthermore, in a tangential methodology, the system affords functionalized polymeric materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing protic nucleophilic substituents with alkyne/alkene containing molecules. The system provides pathways for the facile modification of commodity polymer materials in order to produce value-added materials utilizing current polymer infrastructure, commodity polymer feedstocks, and post-consumer plastic waste.

The system provides new methods and processes for the reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates with reactants comprising alkyne/alkene and/or protic nucleophilic moieties to afford functionalized polymeric/oligomeric products through the utilization of homogenous and/or heterogenous gold catalysis. More specifically, the system provides routes for reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates comprising varying degrees of aromatic character with alkyne/alkene bearing molecules to afford a functionalized polymeric/oligomeric product. The system additionally provides pathways wherein the inverse methodology is realized, providing functionalized materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing alkyne/alkene moieties with aromatic and/or protic nucleophilic reagents. Furthermore, in a tangential methodology, the system affords functionalized polymeric materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing protic nucleophilic substituents with alkyne/alkene containing molecules. The system provides pathways for the facile modification of commodity polymer materials in order to produce value-added materials utilizing current polymer infrastructure, commodity polymer feedstocks, and post-consumer plastic waste.

The present invention relates to a modified polymer having the structure of Formula (I) and Formula (IV):

##STR00001##

wherein A,

##STR00002##

R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, a, and n are as described herein and

##STR00003##

wherein

##STR00004##

R, R′, R″, x, and k are as described herein and methods for preparation thereof. The present invention also relates to a compound having the structure of Formula (II):

##STR00005##

wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, a, and n are as described herein. The present invention also relates to a process for polymerizing unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers.

An ethylenically unsaturated polymer includes at a terminus the radical of an allylic compound that includes a functional group free of active hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the allylic C atom through a S, P, Si or Sn atom and a vinyl aromatic compound. The polymer can be used as a component of a variety of elastomeric compounds used in the production of vulcanizates.

The present invention relates to a modified polymer having the structure of Formula (I) and Formula (IV): ##STR00001##
wherein A, ##STR00002##
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, a, and n are as described herein and ##STR00003##
wherein ##STR00004##
R, R, R, x, and k are as described herein and methods for preparation thereof. The present invention also relates to a compound having the structure of Formula (II): ##STR00005##
wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, a, and n are as described herein. The present invention also relates to a process for polymerizing unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers.

An ethylenically unsaturated polymer includes at a terminus the radical of an allylic compound that includes a functional group free of active hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the allylic C atom through a S, P, Si or Sn atom and a vinyl aromatic compound. The polymer can be used as a component of a variety of elastomeric compounds used in the production of vulcanizates.

An ethylenically unsaturated polymer includes at a terminus the radical of an allylic compound that includes a functional group free of active hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the allylic C atom through a S, P, Si or Sn atom and a vinyl aromatic compound. The polymer can be used as a component of a variety of elastomeric compounds used in the production of vulcanizates.

Cyclic organosilicon compounds having a structure represented by the general formula

##STR00001##

and a method for using thereof as a component of catalysts for producing propylene polymer having a very high melt-flowability are disclosed. The cyclic organosilicon compounds are employed as external electron donors in Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems to dramatically improve the hydrogen response, and therefore the catalyst systems can be used to prepare polymer having high melt-flowability and high isotacticity at high yield.