Low dielectric constant curable compositions include a first alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer with 12 or more carbon atoms, a crosslinking monomer, a copolymeric additive of a polyisobutylene-polysiloxane block copolymer, and at least one initiator. The curable composition is solvent free and inkjet printable. Upon curing the curable composition forms a non-crystalline, optically clear layer with a dielectric constant of less than or equal to 3.0 at 1 MegaHertz.

A Brønsted-Lowry acid initiator system for cationic polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer involves an initiator having a structure of Formula (I) in an anhydrous polymerization medium: ##STR00001## where: M is tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V) or niobium (Nb); R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, alkyl or aryl, or two or more of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 on a same benzene ring are taken together to form a bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic moiety with the benzene ring, with the proviso that all of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 on the same benzene ring are not H; L is absent or a molecule that coordinates to H.sup.+; and, x is 0 when L is absent, or x is 0.5 or more when L is present.

A Brønsted-Lowry acid initiator system for cationic polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer involves an initiator having a structure of Formula (I) in an anhydrous polymerization medium: ##STR00001## where: M is tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V) or niobium (Nb); R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, alkyl or aryl, or two or more of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 on a same benzene ring are taken together to form a bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic moiety with the benzene ring, with the proviso that all of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 on the same benzene ring are not H; L is absent or a molecule that coordinates to H.sup.+; and, x is 0 when L is absent, or x is 0.5 or more when L is present.

Methods of making polyisobutylene and catalyst systems are described. Polyisobutylene compositions and catalyst system compositions are also described. In some embodiments, a method of making a catalyst system includes: providing a support material; calcining the support material; and forming a catalyst system by adding to the support material (a) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3, (b) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3 and a complexing agent, or (c) both. In some embodiments, a method of making a polymer composition includes providing a catalyst system comprising: (a) a support material selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and combinations thereof; and (b) BF.sub.3; providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene; forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system; contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system; and obtaining a polymer composition.

Methods of making polyisobutylene and catalyst systems are described. Polyisobutylene compositions and catalyst system compositions are also described. In some embodiments, a method of making a catalyst system includes: providing a support material; calcining the support material; and forming a catalyst system by adding to the support material (a) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3, (b) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3 and a complexing agent, or (c) both. In some embodiments, a method of making a polymer composition includes providing a catalyst system comprising: (a) a support material selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and combinations thereof; and (b) BF.sub.3; providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene; forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system; contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system; and obtaining a polymer composition.

A method for preparing polybutene by polymerization of a raw material of a carbon number 4 (C4) compounds having an isobutene amount of 50 to 75% by weight, is disclosed. The raw material of C4 compounds is selected from the group consisting of (a) C4 compound material obtained by adding high purity isobutene to C4 raffinate-1; (b) C4 compound material obtained by adding high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process to C4 raffinate-1; (c) C4 compound material obtained by adding high purity to butane-butene oil (B-B oil); (d) C4 compound material obtained by adding high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process to butane-butene oil (B-B oil); (e) C4 compound material obtained by adding a dilute solvent to high purity isobutene; (f) C4 compound material obtained by adding a dilute solvent to high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process; (g) C4 compound material obtained by adding high purity isobutene to a mixture generated in dehydrogenation reaction that converts isobutane to isobutene; and (h) C4 compound material obtained by adding high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process to a mixture generated in dehydrogenation reaction that converts isobutane to isobutene.

A method for preparing polybutene by polymerization of a raw material of a carbon number 4 (C4) compounds having an isobutene amount of 50 to 75% by weight, is disclosed. The raw material of C4 compounds is selected from the group consisting of (a) C4 compound material obtained by adding high purity isobutene to C4 raffinate-1; (b) C4 compound material obtained by adding high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process to C4 raffinate-1; (c) C4 compound material obtained by adding high purity to butane-butene oil (B-B oil); (d) C4 compound material obtained by adding high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process to butane-butene oil (B-B oil); (e) C4 compound material obtained by adding a dilute solvent to high purity isobutene; (f) C4 compound material obtained by adding a dilute solvent to high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process; (g) C4 compound material obtained by adding high purity isobutene to a mixture generated in dehydrogenation reaction that converts isobutane to isobutene; and (h) C4 compound material obtained by adding high amount isobutene mixture which is generated in an olefin conversion unit (OCU) process to a mixture generated in dehydrogenation reaction that converts isobutane to isobutene.

Compositions, including dispersants, derived from substituted succinic anhydrides and aromatic polyamines. Methods for making compositions, the methods including contacting a substituted succinic anhydride and an aromatic polyamine. Lubricants that include a composition derived from a substituted succinic anhydride and an aromatic polyamine. Methods for improving soot performance.

Compositions, including dispersants, derived from substituted succinic anhydrides and aromatic polyamines. Methods for making compositions, the methods including contacting a substituted succinic anhydride and an aromatic polyamine. Lubricants that include a composition derived from a substituted succinic anhydride and an aromatic polyamine. Methods for improving soot performance.

A novel process can be used for preparing high-reactivity isobutene homo- or copolymers, by polymerizing isobutene or an isobutene-containing monomer mixture in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.