A process for producing a liquid composition, which includes holding a fluorinated polymer having SO.sub.2F groups at from 140 to 160 C. for at least 45 minutes, cooling it to less than 110 C. at a rate of at least 50 C./min, converting the SO.sub.2F groups in the fluorinated polymer to ion exchange groups to obtain a fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups, and mixing the fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups and a liquid medium.

A process for producing a liquid composition, which includes holding a fluorinated polymer having SO.sub.2F groups at from 110 to 130 C. for at least 45 minutes, cooling it to less than 110 C., converting the SO.sub.2F groups in the fluorinated polymer to ion exchange groups to obtain a fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups, and mixing the fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups and a liquid medium.

A process for producing a liquid composition, which includes holding a fluorinated polymer having SO.sub.2F groups at from 110 to 130 C. for at least 45 minutes, cooling it to less than 110 C., converting the SO.sub.2F groups in the fluorinated polymer to ion exchange groups to obtain a fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups, and mixing the fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups and a liquid medium.

Provided is a fixing member having an outer surface including excellent toner releasability and excellent scratch resistance, wherein the fixing member has a base material, an elastic layer, and a release layer in this order, the release layer including a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and has a loss tangent at a frequency of 10 Hz and 180 C. of 5.010.sup.2 or more and 3.010.sup.1 or less.

Provided is a fixing member having an outer surface including excellent toner releasability and excellent scratch resistance, wherein the fixing member has a base material, an elastic layer, and a release layer in this order, the release layer including a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and has a loss tangent at a frequency of 10 Hz and 180 C. of 5.010.sup.2 or more and 3.010.sup.1 or less.

To provide a liquid composition whereby a resin powder can be uniformly dispersed in a resin or the like without being scattered, and a method for producing a film, a laminate or the like by using the liquid composition. The liquid composition comprises a liquid medium and a resin powder dispersed in the liquid medium, and characterized in that the average particle size of the resin powder is from 0.3 to 6 m, the volume-based cumulative 90% diameter of the resin powder is at most 8 m, and the resin powder is a resin containing a fluorinated copolymer having a specific functional group. And, the method is a method for producing a film, a laminate or the like by using the liquid composition.

A hydrofluoroolefin compound represented by the following general formula (I): where, Rh is CHCH.sub.2 or C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2; and (i) x is O; n is 1; Y is F; Rf.sub.2 is F; and Rf.sub.1 is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms and optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S; or ({umlaut over ()}) x is N, n is 2, Y is F or CF.sub.3; Rf.sub.2 is F or CF.sub.3; and (a) each Rf.sub.1 is bonded to x, and is independently a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatom selected from O, N or S; or (e) the Rf.sub.1 groups are bonded together to form a ring structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms that optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; with the proviso that when YCF.sub.3, then Rf.sub.2F. ##STR00001##

A hydrofluoroolefin compound represented by the following general formula (I): where, Rh is CHCH.sub.2 or C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2; and (i) x is O; n is 1; Y is F; Rf.sub.2 is F; and Rf.sub.1 is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms and optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S; or ({umlaut over ()}) x is N, n is 2, Y is F or CF.sub.3; Rf.sub.2 is F or CF.sub.3; and (a) each Rf.sub.1 is bonded to x, and is independently a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatom selected from O, N or S; or (e) the Rf.sub.1 groups are bonded together to form a ring structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms that optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; with the proviso that when YCF.sub.3, then Rf.sub.2F. ##STR00001##

Provided is an insulated electrical wire having an insulating layer containing a fluororesin, wherein the flexibility is improved while maintaining the heat resistance of the fluororesin. The insulated electrical wire comprises a conductor and an insulating layer covering the periphery of the conductor, the insulating layer containing a fluorine-containing polymer comprising a polymer of a monomer containing one or two or more fluorine-containing monomers represented by the following formula (1):

CH.sub.2CHRf.sup.1(1)

wherein Rf.sup.1 is a perfluoroalkyl group, and Rf.sup.1 may contain one or more ether bonds.

Provided is an insulated electrical wire having an insulating layer containing a fluororesin, wherein the flexibility is improved while maintaining the heat resistance of the fluororesin. The insulated electrical wire comprises a conductor and an insulating layer covering the periphery of the conductor, the insulating layer containing a fluorine-containing polymer comprising a polymer of a monomer containing one or two or more fluorine-containing monomers represented by the following formula (1):

CH.sub.2CHRf.sup.1(1)

wherein Rf.sup.1 is a perfluoroalkyl group, and Rf.sup.1 may contain one or more ether bonds.