A hydrofluoroolefin compound represented by the following general formula (I): where, Rh is CHCH.sub.2 or C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2; and (i) x is O; n is 1; Y is F; Rf.sub.2 is F; and Rf.sub.1 is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms and optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S; or ({umlaut over ()}) x is N, n is 2, Y is F or CF.sub.3; Rf.sub.2 is F or CF.sub.3; and (a) each Rf.sub.1 is bonded to x, and is independently a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatom selected from O, N or S; or (e) the Rf.sub.1 groups are bonded together to form a ring structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms that optionally includes one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; with the proviso that when YCF.sub.3, then Rf.sub.2F.

##STR00001##

To provide a liquid composition with which a catalyst layer and a polymer electrolyte membrane will hardly be broken at the time of their formation and a method for producing the liquid composition; and a method for producing a membrane/electrode assembly by which a catalyst layer and a polymer electrolyte membrane will hardly be broken at the time of their formation.

A liquid composition comprising a polymer having ion exchange groups, water and an organic solvent, wherein the average secondary particle size of the polymer having ion exchange groups is from 100 to 3,000 nm, and the primary particle size parameter represented by the product of the average primary particle size (nm) and the ion exchange capacity (meq/g dry resin) of the polymer having ion exchange groups, is from 12 to 20.

A composition containing a novel vinyl-group-containing compound. This composition contains a vinyl-group-containing compound represented by general formula (1). In the formula: W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 represent a group represented by general formula (2) (where a ring (Z) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or S, R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group, R.sup.2 is a specific substituent group such as a monovalent hydrocarbon, and m is an integer equal to 0 or higher), a group represented by general formula (4) (where the ring (Z), X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and m are as previously stated), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group; rings (Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2) are aromatic hydrocarbon rings; R represents a single bond or a specific divalent group; R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; and n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4. ##STR00001##

A composition containing a novel vinyl-group-containing compound. This composition contains a vinyl-group-containing compound represented by general formula (1). In the formula: W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 represent a group represented by general formula (2) (where a ring (Z) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or S, R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group, R.sup.2 is a specific substituent group such as a monovalent hydrocarbon, and m is an integer equal to 0 or higher), a group represented by general formula (4) (where the ring (Z), X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and m are as previously stated), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group; rings (Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2) are aromatic hydrocarbon rings; R represents a single bond or a specific divalent group; R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; and n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4. ##STR00001##

Provided is a polar compound that has high chemical stability and high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, and has a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device.

The compound represented by formula (1) is applied.

##STR00001##

For example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; rings A.sup.1 to A.sup.5 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; a and b are 0 to 4, and a sum of a and b is 4 or less; d is 1 to 4; c and e are 0 to 4; P.sup.1 to P.sup.3 are a polymerizable group represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-5):

##STR00002##

in which M.sup.1 to M.sup.3 are hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c):

##STR00003##

in which Sp.sup.1 to Sp.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is OH.

Provided is a polar compound that has high chemical stability and high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, and has a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device.

The compound represented by formula (1) is applied.

##STR00001##

For example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; rings A.sup.1 to A.sup.5 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; a and b are 0 to 4, and a sum of a and b is 4 or less; d is 1 to 4; c and e are 0 to 4; P.sup.1 to P.sup.3 are a polymerizable group represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-5):

##STR00002##

in which M.sup.1 to M.sup.3 are hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c):

##STR00003##

in which Sp.sup.1 to Sp.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is OH.

A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 5 from a compound represented by the following formula 1 as a starting material and a method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer in which the fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound is used: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group, and R.sup.F1 and R.sup.F2 are a C.sub.1-3 perfluoroalkylene group.

A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 5 from a compound represented by the following formula 1 as a starting material and a method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer in which the fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound is used: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group, and R.sup.F1 and R.sup.F2 are a C.sub.1-3 perfluoroalkylene group.

Provided are a tetrafluoroethylene copolymers having a melting point of at least 317 C., a melt flow index (MFI) at 372 C. and a 5 kg load (MFI 372/5) of from about 0.60 g/10 min up to about 15 g/10 min. Also provided are methods of forming a shaped article using the copolymers described above, shaped articles made with those copolymers and compositions containing such copolymers.

Provided are a tetrafluoroethylene copolymers having a melting point of at least 317 C., a melt flow index (MFI) at 372 C. and a 5 kg load (MFI 372/5) of from about 0.60 g/10 min up to about 15 g/10 min. Also provided are methods of forming a shaped article using the copolymers described above, shaped articles made with those copolymers and compositions containing such copolymers.