Polar silane linkers are provided that attach to resins to form silane-functionalized resins. The functionalized resins can be bound to hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica particles to improve the dispersibility of the silica particles in rubber mixtures. Further disclosed are synthetic routes to provide the silane-functionalized resins, as well as various uses and end products that benefit from the unexpected properties of the silane-functionalized resins. Silane-functionalized resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the silane-functionalized resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, and wet braking performance.

Disclosed is a photocurable material composition having a cured product which has both deflection temperature under load of 40° C. or more and Charpy impact strength (with a notch) of 20 kJ/m.sup.2 or more after ultraviolet irradiation and the cured product thereof. The photocurable material composition comprises at least a monofunctional acrylate having a five-membered ring containing an ether bond and a polycarbonate resin soluble in the monofunctional acrylate, wherein the content of the monofunctional acrylate having a five-membered ring containing an ether bond is 18% by weight to 80% by weight and the content of the polycarbonate resin is 10% by weight to 40% by weight.

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.

The present invention relates to compositions thermally curable on demand by red to near infrared irradiation, method of using same for thermal amplification of free radical polymerizations, and articles obtained by such method. The invention also relates to the use of a heat-generating dye in association with a thermal initiator for controlling the onset of thermal free radical polymerization.

The present invention discloses a copolymer for a polymer electrolyte, and a gel polymer electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery which include the same. Specifically, the present invention discloses a copolymer for a polymer electrolyte, which includes a fluorine-based polymer main chain and a unit derived from an acrylate-based monomer or an acrylate-based polymer containing an ion conductive functional group grafted to the fluorine-based polymer main chain, and a gel polymer electrolyte in which lithium ion transfer capability is improved by including the same. Also, the present invention may prepare a lithium secondary battery with enhanced high-temperature safety by including the gel polymer electrolyte.

The present invention discloses a copolymer for a polymer electrolyte, and a gel polymer electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery which include the same. Specifically, the present invention discloses a copolymer for a polymer electrolyte, which includes a fluorine-based polymer main chain and a unit derived from an acrylate-based monomer or an acrylate-based polymer containing an ion conductive functional group grafted to the fluorine-based polymer main chain, and a gel polymer electrolyte in which lithium ion transfer capability is improved by including the same. Also, the present invention may prepare a lithium secondary battery with enhanced high-temperature safety by including the gel polymer electrolyte.

Described herein are compositions comprising, a polymer; a non-physiological solution; and a visualization agent; wherein the polymer is soluble in the non-physiological solution and insoluble at physiological conditions. Methods of preparing the compositions are disclosed as well as methods of using these compositions to treat vascular conditions.

Described herein are compositions comprising, a polymer; a non-physiological solution; and a visualization agent; wherein the polymer is soluble in the non-physiological solution and insoluble at physiological conditions. Methods of preparing the compositions are disclosed as well as methods of using these compositions to treat vascular conditions.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an unsaturated group-containing ester compound which can be used as a raw material of a curable composition using transesterification reaction and which is inexpensive and has a good curability, and a polymer, a thermosetting resin composition, and a curable composition which containing the unsaturated group-containing ester compound, respectively. An unsaturated group-containing ester compound having a chemical structure represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001## n.sub.1: 1 to 10 (in the formula, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl ester group or a structure represented by R.sub.4-[COOR.sub.5]n.sub.1; R.sub.4 is an aliphatic, an alicyclic or an aromatic alkylene group with a number of atoms of 50 or less in the main chain, which may have one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of an ester group, an ether group, an amide group, and a urethane and may have a side chain; R.sub.5 is an alkyl group having 50 or less carbon atoms; and in the compound represented by the general formula (1), the R.sub.4-[COOR.sub.5] group may be a lactone structure represented by the following general formula (1-1). ##STR00002## (R.sub.x is a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a branched chain.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an unsaturated group-containing ester compound which can be used as a raw material of a curable composition using transesterification reaction and which is inexpensive and has a good curability, and a polymer, a thermosetting resin composition, and a curable composition which containing the unsaturated group-containing ester compound, respectively. An unsaturated group-containing ester compound having a chemical structure represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001## n.sub.1: 1 to 10 (in the formula, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl ester group or a structure represented by R.sub.4-[COOR.sub.5]n.sub.1; R.sub.4 is an aliphatic, an alicyclic or an aromatic alkylene group with a number of atoms of 50 or less in the main chain, which may have one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of an ester group, an ether group, an amide group, and a urethane and may have a side chain; R.sub.5 is an alkyl group having 50 or less carbon atoms; and in the compound represented by the general formula (1), the R.sub.4-[COOR.sub.5] group may be a lactone structure represented by the following general formula (1-1). ##STR00002## (R.sub.x is a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a branched chain.