Oxime ester compounds of the formula I, II, III, IV or V ##STR00001##
wherein
Z is for example ##STR00002##
Z.sub.1 for is NO.sub.2, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.20aroyl or unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.4-C.sub.20heteroaroyl; provided that at least one Z.sub.1 is other than NO.sub.2; Z.sub.2 is for example unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.20aroyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 for example are hydrogen, halogen, or unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.20aryl, or unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.4-C.sub.20heteroaryl; R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 for example are hydrogen, halogen, OR.sub.16, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; provided that R.sub.9 and R.sub.13 are neither hydrogen nor fluorine; R.sub.14 is for example unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.20aryl or C.sub.3-C.sub.20heteroaryl Q is for example C.sub.6-C.sub.20arylene or C.sub.3-C.sub.20heteroarylene; Q.sub.1 is —C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylene-CO—; Q.sub.2 is naphthoylene; Q.sub.3 is for example phenylene; L is for example O-alkylene-O—; R.sub.15 is for example hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; R.sub.20 is for example hydrogen, or unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; are effective photoinitiators.

The present technology relates to gel electrolytes for using in lithium-ion electrochemical cells and methods of forming the same. For example, the method may include adding one or more gelation reagents to an electrochemical cell including one or more liquid electrolyte precursors. The one or more gelation reagents include one or more initiators and one or more crosslinking agents. Each of the one or more initiators may be one of a thermal initiator and an actinic/electron beam initiator. Each of the one or more crosslinking agents may be one of a tridentate alkane and a tetradentate alkane having one or more substitutes including a terminal group represented by:

##STR00001##

The present technology relates to gel electrolytes for using in lithium-ion electrochemical cells and methods of forming the same. For example, the method may include adding one or more gelation reagents to an electrochemical cell including one or more liquid electrolyte precursors. The one or more gelation reagents include one or more initiators and one or more crosslinking agents. Each of the one or more initiators may be one of a thermal initiator and an actinic/electron beam initiator. Each of the one or more crosslinking agents may be one of a tridentate alkane and a tetradentate alkane having one or more substitutes including a terminal group represented by:

##STR00001##

A polymerizable compound having absorption in the long UV wavelength range, a liquid-crystal (LC) medium comprising the polymerizable compound, and the use of the compound or LC medium for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (polymer sustained alignment) or SA (self-aligning) mode, an LC display of the PSA or SA mode comprising the compound or LC medium, and a process of manufacturing the LC display.

A polymerizable compound having absorption in the long UV wavelength range, a liquid-crystal (LC) medium comprising the polymerizable compound, and the use of the compound or LC medium for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (polymer sustained alignment) or SA (self-aligning) mode, an LC display of the PSA or SA mode comprising the compound or LC medium, and a process of manufacturing the LC display.

Provided is a method for producing a dental curable composition, the method includes mixing a polymerizable monomer (A); a spherical filler (B) having an average primary particle diameter within a range of 230 nm to 290 nm; a spherical filler (C) having an average primary particle diameter within a range of 100 nm to 500 nm, the spherical filler having an average primary particle diameter different from that of the spherical filler (B); and a polymerization initiator (D), in which 90% or more in number of the individual particles constituting the spherical filler (B) and the spherical filler (C) are present in a range of 5% from the average primary particle diameter, and the refractive indices of the spherical filler (B) and the spherical filler (C) are larger than the refractive index of a polymer of a polymerizable monomer (A).

Provided is a method for producing a dental curable composition, the method includes mixing a polymerizable monomer (A); a spherical filler (B) having an average primary particle diameter within a range of 230 nm to 290 nm; a spherical filler (C) having an average primary particle diameter within a range of 100 nm to 500 nm, the spherical filler having an average primary particle diameter different from that of the spherical filler (B); and a polymerization initiator (D), in which 90% or more in number of the individual particles constituting the spherical filler (B) and the spherical filler (C) are present in a range of 5% from the average primary particle diameter, and the refractive indices of the spherical filler (B) and the spherical filler (C) are larger than the refractive index of a polymer of a polymerizable monomer (A).

Methods of embedding particles (e.g., nanoparticles) in a coating, the methods including contacting a first surface of a particle layer with a curable resin, followed by curing the curable resin to form a coating having a first coating surface and an opposing second coating surface, resulting in the particles being concentrated at the first coating surface. Also provided are applications for materials prepared according to the disclosed methods in, for example, hardcoating and nano-replication via reactive ion etching.

Methods of embedding particles (e.g., nanoparticles) in a coating, the methods including contacting a first surface of a particle layer with a curable resin, followed by curing the curable resin to form a coating having a first coating surface and an opposing second coating surface, resulting in the particles being concentrated at the first coating surface. Also provided are applications for materials prepared according to the disclosed methods in, for example, hardcoating and nano-replication via reactive ion etching.

The present invention relates to a series of novel polymerizable compounds based on 3-ketocoumarins, which are useful as photoinitiators and sensitizers, to compositions comprising said compounds and to a process for photopolymerizing comprising them. Formula (I)

##STR00001##