A triboelectrically neutral polymer material which resists charging when contacted with another material is provided. The polymer material comprises at least a first polymer and a second polymer, the first polymer having a first rating on a triboelectric series and the second polymer having a second rating on a triboelectric series that is more negative than the first rating. A method of preparing the polymer material is also provided.

An ethylenically unsaturated and (co)polymerizable metal salt soluble in an ethylenically unsaturated reactive diluent is based on zirconium or on lanthanum and on an ethylenically unsaturated hemi-ester of a dicarboxylic acid. A process for the preparation of the salt and a crosslinkable composition comprising it are also disclosed. Uses of the metal salt include optical and dental uses, uses in composite materials, in moulding compositions, in 3D printing compositions and compositions for 3D articles and for coatings or adhesives. The finished crosslinked product which results from crosslinking the crosslinkable composition comprising the metal salt is also described.

An ethylenically unsaturated and (co)polymerizable metal salt soluble in an ethylenically unsaturated reactive diluent is based on zirconium or on lanthanum and on an ethylenically unsaturated hemi-ester of a dicarboxylic acid. A process for the preparation of the salt and a crosslinkable composition comprising it are also disclosed. Uses of the metal salt include optical and dental uses, uses in composite materials, in moulding compositions, in 3D printing compositions and compositions for 3D articles and for coatings or adhesives. The finished crosslinked product which results from crosslinking the crosslinkable composition comprising the metal salt is also described.

A preparation method of a powdery polycarboxylate superplasticizer is provided, including: mixing a superplasticizer monomer with water to produce a mixture, heating and melting the mixture to produce a melt system; carrying out a bulk polymerization reaction by adding an initiator, a chain transfer agent and an unsaturated carboxylic acid into the melt system, forming a polycarboxylate superplasticizer precursor; and neutralizing and pulverizing the polycarboxylate superplasticizer precursor to produce a powdery polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Water is added in the bulk polymerization and reacts with the superplasticizer monomer and the unsaturated carboxylic acid. While the bulk polymerization reaction is guaranteed to be efficiently carried out and the solid polycarboxylate superplasticizer is formed, the viscosity of a bulk polymerization reaction system is reduced. The superplasticizer is suitable for dry-mixed mortar, high-efficiency concrete and other products.

A preparation method of a powdery polycarboxylate superplasticizer is provided, including: mixing a superplasticizer monomer with water to produce a mixture, heating and melting the mixture to produce a melt system; carrying out a bulk polymerization reaction by adding an initiator, a chain transfer agent and an unsaturated carboxylic acid into the melt system, forming a polycarboxylate superplasticizer precursor; and neutralizing and pulverizing the polycarboxylate superplasticizer precursor to produce a powdery polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Water is added in the bulk polymerization and reacts with the superplasticizer monomer and the unsaturated carboxylic acid. While the bulk polymerization reaction is guaranteed to be efficiently carried out and the solid polycarboxylate superplasticizer is formed, the viscosity of a bulk polymerization reaction system is reduced. The superplasticizer is suitable for dry-mixed mortar, high-efficiency concrete and other products.

Fracturing fluid comprising, in solution in water, a proppant and an associative amphoteric polymer, the said polymer and comprising: 0.01 to 10 mol % of at least one cationic monomer containing a hydrophobic chain, from 0.09 to 89.99 mol % of at least one anionic monomer, and from 10 to 99.9 mol % of at least one nonionic water-soluble monomer, the total amount of monomer being 100 mol %.

Fracturing process using this fluid.

Fracturing fluid comprising, in solution in water, a proppant and an associative amphoteric polymer, the said polymer and comprising: 0.01 to 10 mol % of at least one cationic monomer containing a hydrophobic chain, from 0.09 to 89.99 mol % of at least one anionic monomer, and from 10 to 99.9 mol % of at least one nonionic water-soluble monomer, the total amount of monomer being 100 mol %.

Fracturing process using this fluid.

A gas-barrier resin (A) having an oxygen permeability coefficient of 1.0×10.sup.−14 (cm.sup.3.Math.cm/cm.sup.2.Math.s.Math.Pa) or less; and a copolymer (B) containing monomer structural units represented by the formula (1), the formula (2), and the formula (3): ##STR00001##
where: R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group; 1, m, and n represent numerical values representing molar proportions of the respective monomer structural units, and n may represent 0; and p represents an integer of from 1 to 4, wherein a ratio of a mass of the copolymer (B) to a total mass of the gas-barrier resin (A) and the copolymer (B) is from 1 mass % to 40 mass %.

A gas-barrier resin (A) having an oxygen permeability coefficient of 1.0×10.sup.−14 (cm.sup.3.Math.cm/cm.sup.2.Math.s.Math.Pa) or less; and a copolymer (B) containing monomer structural units represented by the formula (1), the formula (2), and the formula (3): ##STR00001##
where: R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group; 1, m, and n represent numerical values representing molar proportions of the respective monomer structural units, and n may represent 0; and p represents an integer of from 1 to 4, wherein a ratio of a mass of the copolymer (B) to a total mass of the gas-barrier resin (A) and the copolymer (B) is from 1 mass % to 40 mass %.

The present application discloses a secondary battery, a method for preparing the same, a copolymer and an apparatus. The secondary battery includes a binder for binding a first substance and a second substance, the binder including a copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least a first monomer unit represented by formula (I), a second monomer unit represented by formula (II), and a third monomer unit represented by formula (III):

##STR00001##

The secondary battery provided by the present application can effectively increase the boding force between the first substance and the second substance by including a specific binder, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the secondary battery.