A polymer having a first monomer operatively connected to Rose Bengal, a second monomer, and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The Rose Bengal in polymer in an amount effective for rendering the polymer antimicrobial or antiviral upon exposure of said polymer to light; and the polymer produces singlet oxygen from air in the presence of light. A substrate have these features is also included.

A polymer having a first monomer operatively connected to Rose Bengal, a second monomer, and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The Rose Bengal in polymer in an amount effective for rendering the polymer antimicrobial or antiviral upon exposure of said polymer to light; and the polymer produces singlet oxygen from air in the presence of light. A substrate have these features is also included.

A method for the production of functionalized partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate comprising vinyl alcohol, vinylacetate and functionalized vinyl alcohol units by reacting in a melt a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate as component A with a reactive compound carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one reactive group reactive with hydroxyl or acetate groups as component B, in the presence of at least one stabilizer as component C and in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines and nitrogen-containing heterocycles as component D, the method comprising the steps: feeding the components into a mixing device capable of heating, melting and mixing components A, B, C and D, heating, melting and mixing components A, B, C and D in the device to give a melt and reacting components A and B in the melt.

A method for the production of functionalized partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate comprising vinyl alcohol, vinylacetate and functionalized vinyl alcohol units by reacting in a melt a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate as component A with a reactive compound carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one reactive group reactive with hydroxyl or acetate groups as component B, in the presence of at least one stabilizer as component C and in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines and nitrogen-containing heterocycles as component D, the method comprising the steps: feeding the components into a mixing device capable of heating, melting and mixing components A, B, C and D, heating, melting and mixing components A, B, C and D in the device to give a melt and reacting components A and B in the melt.

A coating agent can be applied to various materials without using radiation, and a medical material using the same. The coating agent containing a copolymer that contains: a monomer unit (unit A) containing a Si—O bond; a vinyl carboxylate monomer unit (unit B); and a monomer unit (unit C) containing a hydrophilic group.

A coating agent can be applied to various materials without using radiation, and a medical material using the same. The coating agent containing a copolymer that contains: a monomer unit (unit A) containing a Si—O bond; a vinyl carboxylate monomer unit (unit B); and a monomer unit (unit C) containing a hydrophilic group.

A water- and oil-proofing composition which can provide an article with high utility oil resistance is provided. A water- and oil-proofing composition comprising a fluorinated polymer comprising units based on the following monomer (a) and units based on the following monomer (b), a fatty acid ester of polyglycerin and an aqueous medium: Monomer (a): a compound represented by CH.sub.2═CH—R.sup.f (wherein R.sup.f is a C.sub.1-8 perfluoroalkyl group). Monomer (b): a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer (a).

A water- and oil-proofing composition which can provide an article with high utility oil resistance is provided. A water- and oil-proofing composition comprising a fluorinated polymer comprising units based on the following monomer (a) and units based on the following monomer (b), a fatty acid ester of polyglycerin and an aqueous medium: Monomer (a): a compound represented by CH.sub.2═CH—R.sup.f (wherein R.sup.f is a C.sub.1-8 perfluoroalkyl group). Monomer (b): a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer (a).

A method of controlling long chain branching in an ethylene-based polymer includes polymerizing ethylene with one or more optional monomers to form an ethylene-based polymer, and controlling a degree of long chain branching (LCB) in the ethylene-based polymer. The degree of LCB ranges from 0.1 per 1000 carbon atoms in the polymer backbone to 10 per 1000 carbon atoms in the polymer backbone, as measured by .sup.13CNMR. The degree of LCB is controlled by adding one or more branched vinyl ester to the polymerizing step in an amount ranging from 0.01 mol % to 5.0 mol %, relative to total monomer content. A polymer composition contains the ethylene-based polymer. An article includes the polymer composition containing the ethylene-based polymer.

A method of controlling long chain branching in an ethylene-based polymer includes polymerizing ethylene with one or more optional monomers to form an ethylene-based polymer, and controlling a degree of long chain branching (LCB) in the ethylene-based polymer. The degree of LCB ranges from 0.1 per 1000 carbon atoms in the polymer backbone to 10 per 1000 carbon atoms in the polymer backbone, as measured by .sup.13CNMR. The degree of LCB is controlled by adding one or more branched vinyl ester to the polymerizing step in an amount ranging from 0.01 mol % to 5.0 mol %, relative to total monomer content. A polymer composition contains the ethylene-based polymer. An article includes the polymer composition containing the ethylene-based polymer.