A method of controlling long chain branching in an ethylene-based polymer includes polymerizing ethylene with one or more optional monomers to form an ethylene-based polymer, and controlling a degree of long chain branching (LCB) in the ethylene-based polymer. The degree of LCB ranges from 0.1 per 1000 carbon atoms in the polymer backbone to 10 per 1000 carbon atoms in the polymer backbone, as measured by .sup.13CNMR. The degree of LCB is controlled by adding one or more branched vinyl ester to the polymerizing step in an amount ranging from 0.01 mol % to 5.0 mol %, relative to total monomer content. A polymer composition contains the ethylene-based polymer. An article includes the polymer composition containing the ethylene-based polymer.

A composition containing: modified polyvinyl alcohol; and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol has a viscosity-average degree of polymerization of from 400 to 3500, has a degree of saponification of from 68 mol % to 99.9 mol %, and contains from 0.01 mol % to 1.50 mol % of an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group in a side chain, the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sodium acrylate, and sodium methacrylate, and in the composition, a mass ratio of the modified polyvinyl alcohol/the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof is from 82/18 to 99.9/0.1. The composition is thus provided that is excellent in water solubility and storage stability and polymerization stability of a vinyl compound and contains the modified polyvinyl alcohol.

A composition containing: modified polyvinyl alcohol; and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol has a viscosity-average degree of polymerization of from 400 to 3500, has a degree of saponification of from 68 mol % to 99.9 mol %, and contains from 0.01 mol % to 1.50 mol % of an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group in a side chain, the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sodium acrylate, and sodium methacrylate, and in the composition, a mass ratio of the modified polyvinyl alcohol/the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof is from 82/18 to 99.9/0.1. The composition is thus provided that is excellent in water solubility and storage stability and polymerization stability of a vinyl compound and contains the modified polyvinyl alcohol.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising obtaining a mixture comprising at least one vinyl polymer, at least one organic acid, and at least one hydronium ion donor. In some embodiments, the method comprises reacting an —OH group of the B polymer chain segment with the at least one organic acid in the presence of the at least one hydronium ion donor, so as to form at least one polyvinyl ester. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a roofing material comprising at least one reinforcement material and at least one polyvinyl ester.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising obtaining a mixture comprising at least one vinyl polymer, at least one organic acid, and at least one hydronium ion donor. In some embodiments, the method comprises reacting an —OH group of the B polymer chain segment with the at least one organic acid in the presence of the at least one hydronium ion donor, so as to form at least one polyvinyl ester. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a roofing material comprising at least one reinforcement material and at least one polyvinyl ester.

Provided is a rubber composition that achieves a balanced improvement in fuel economy, abrasion resistance, and wet grip performance while having good processability. Also provided is a pneumatic tire including a tread formed from the rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition containing: a rubber component including a copolymer; and carbon black and/or silica, the copolymer containing a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene monomer and a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.11 represents a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group.

Solventborne binder compositions which include a copolymer obtained by reacting a mixture of monomers in the presence of an organic solvent, wherein the monomer mixture includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a vinyl ester monomer having a formula CH.sub.2CH—X—C(═O)—R, where R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or R is bonded to X to form a 5- to 7-member ring, and X is O. Intumescent coatings containing the solventborne binder compositions, and substrates coated with the intumescent coatings are also disclosed.

Solventborne binder compositions which include a copolymer obtained by reacting a mixture of monomers in the presence of an organic solvent, wherein the monomer mixture includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a vinyl ester monomer having a formula CH.sub.2CH—X—C(═O)—R, where R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or R is bonded to X to form a 5- to 7-member ring, and X is O. Intumescent coatings containing the solventborne binder compositions, and substrates coated with the intumescent coatings are also disclosed.

The present invention generally relates to the field of radiation curable compositions comprising (meth)acrylated acrylic polymers comprising pendant hydroxyl groups, methods for making these radiation curable compositions and their uses.

The present invention generally relates to the field of radiation curable compositions comprising (meth)acrylated acrylic polymers comprising pendant hydroxyl groups, methods for making these radiation curable compositions and their uses.