A polymer comprising recurring units derived from vinylanthraquinone, recurring units derived from acid labile group-substituted hydroxystyrene, and recurring units derived from hydroxystyrene is provided. The polymer is used as a base resin to formulate a positive resist composition having a high resolution and minimal LER.

A polymer comprising recurring units derived from vinylanthraquinone, recurring units derived from acid labile group-substituted hydroxystyrene, and recurring units derived from hydroxystyrene is provided. The polymer is used as a base resin to formulate a positive resist composition having a high resolution and minimal LER.

This invention relates to a process for preparing succinic acid and succinate ester from a succinic acid salt in fermentation broth. In the first stage of this invention, renewable carbon resources are utilized to produce succinic acid through biological fermentation. The succinic acid salt in the fermentation process is subjected to double displacement reaction with a strong acid leading to release of succinic acid. Succinic acid is recovered by fractional crystallization integrated with simulated moving bed chromatography to produce succinic acid and succinate ester.

This invention relates to a process for preparing succinic acid and succinate ester from a succinic acid salt in fermentation broth. In the first stage of this invention, renewable carbon resources are utilized to produce succinic acid through biological fermentation. The succinic acid salt in the fermentation process is subjected to double displacement reaction with a strong acid leading to release of succinic acid. Succinic acid is recovered by fractional crystallization integrated with simulated moving bed chromatography to produce succinic acid and succinate ester.

Disclosed are a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile copolymer latex for dip molding comprising a combination of a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile copolymer latex and a carboxylic acid-modified styrene copolymer latex, a latex composition for dip molding comprising the same and a molded article prepared therefrom. Molded articles with superior tensile strength are produced by respectively preparing a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile latex having a low glass transition temperature and an average particle diameter of 90 nm or higher, and a carboxylic acid-modified styrene latex having a glass transition temperature of 80° C. or higher and an average particle diameter less than 90 nm and then mixing the two latexes.

Disclosed are a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile copolymer latex for dip molding comprising a combination of a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile copolymer latex and a carboxylic acid-modified styrene copolymer latex, a latex composition for dip molding comprising the same and a molded article prepared therefrom. Molded articles with superior tensile strength are produced by respectively preparing a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile latex having a low glass transition temperature and an average particle diameter of 90 nm or higher, and a carboxylic acid-modified styrene latex having a glass transition temperature of 80° C. or higher and an average particle diameter less than 90 nm and then mixing the two latexes.

Provided are a tread rubber composition that can achieve a balanced improvement in fuel economy, wet-grip performance, and abrasion resistance, and a pneumatic tire including the composition. The tread rubber composition includes: a rubber component; silica; and a silane-coupling agent containing a mercapto group, the rubber component including per 100% by mass thereof 5% by mass or more of a conjugated diene polymer (A), the polymer (A) including a monomer unit derived from a conjugated diene, a monomer unit derived from a compound of formula (1), and a monomer unit derived from a compound of formula (2), at least one end of the copolymer (A) being modified by the following compound (G) or an alkoxysilane compound, the composition including 5-150 parts by mass of the silica per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, Compound (G): at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds containing an optionally-substituted amino group and a carbonyl group and compounds containing an optionally-substituted amino group and a thiocarbonyl group,
V.sup.1-S.sup.1  (1)
V.sup.2-A.sup.2  (2)
wherein V.sup.1 and V.sup.2 each represent a hydrocarbyl group containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; S.sup.1 represents a substituted silyl group, and A.sup.2 represents a substituted amino group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group.

Provided are a tread rubber composition that can achieve a balanced improvement in fuel economy, wet-grip performance, and abrasion resistance, and a pneumatic tire including the composition. The tread rubber composition includes: a rubber component; silica; and a silane-coupling agent containing a mercapto group, the rubber component including per 100% by mass thereof 5% by mass or more of a conjugated diene polymer (A), the polymer (A) including a monomer unit derived from a conjugated diene, a monomer unit derived from a compound of formula (1), and a monomer unit derived from a compound of formula (2), at least one end of the copolymer (A) being modified by the following compound (G) or an alkoxysilane compound, the composition including 5-150 parts by mass of the silica per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, Compound (G): at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds containing an optionally-substituted amino group and a carbonyl group and compounds containing an optionally-substituted amino group and a thiocarbonyl group,
V.sup.1-S.sup.1  (1)
V.sup.2-A.sup.2  (2)
wherein V.sup.1 and V.sup.2 each represent a hydrocarbyl group containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; S.sup.1 represents a substituted silyl group, and A.sup.2 represents a substituted amino group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group.

Provided are a tread rubber composition that can achieve a balanced improvement in fuel economy, wet-grip performance, and abrasion resistance, and a pneumatic tire including the composition. The tread rubber composition includes: a rubber component; silica; and a silane-coupling agent containing a mercapto group, the rubber component including per 100% by mass thereof 5% by mass or more of a conjugated diene polymer (A), the polymer (A) including a monomer unit derived from a conjugated diene, a monomer unit derived from a compound of formula (1), and a monomer unit derived from a compound of formula (2), at least one end of the copolymer (A) being modified by the following compound (G) or an alkoxysilane compound, the composition including 5-150 parts by mass of the silica per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, Compound (G): at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds containing an optionally-substituted amino group and a carbonyl group and compounds containing an optionally-substituted amino group and a thiocarbonyl group,
V.sup.1-S.sup.1  (1)
V.sup.2-A.sup.2  (2)
wherein V.sup.1 and V.sup.2 each represent a hydrocarbyl group containing a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; S.sup.1 represents a substituted silyl group, and A.sup.2 represents a substituted amino group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group.

A cross-linked rubber obtained by cross-linking a nitrile rubber composition, wherein the nitrile rubber composition contains a carboxyl group-containing nitrile rubber (a) with an iodine value of 120 or less and a diurethane compound (b) represented by a following general formula (1), a content of the diurethane compound (b) in the nitrile rubber composition is 5 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carboxyl group-containing nitrile rubber (a), and a tensile strength of the cross-linked rubber based on JIS K6251 is 15 MPa or more and an elongation at break of the cross-linked rubber based on JIS K6251 is 300% or more, is provided.

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