Coating or resin compositions substantially free of bisphenol A with excellent surface adhesion comprising a compound in an effective amount of less than 10% w/w based on the resin with the following structure:

##STR00001##

The adhesion promoters are preferably aldehyde condensation products of aromatic carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, sulphonic acid or sulphinic acid or its corresponding ionic form.

The material for forming a film for lithography according to the present invention contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein, each R.sup.0 independently represents a monovalent group having an oxygen atom, a monovalent group having a sulfur atom, a monovalent group having a nitrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a halogen atom, and each p is independently an integer of 0 to 4.

The material for forming a film for lithography according to the present invention contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein, each R.sup.0 independently represents a monovalent group having an oxygen atom, a monovalent group having a sulfur atom, a monovalent group having a nitrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a halogen atom, and each p is independently an integer of 0 to 4.

An aromatic polyphenol derivative which comprises at least one aromatic ring bearing at least two OZ groups in the meta position relative to one another, the two positions ortho to at least one of the OZ groups being unsubstituted, is used for the manufacture of a phenol-aldehyde resin for reinforcing a rubber composition. Each OZ group represents an O((CO)(R.sub.1)) group with R.sub.1 representing a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical.

The present embodiment provides a material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, containing at least any of a compound represented by following formula (1) or a resin including a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the following formula (1),

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, or a single bond, each R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group, a hydroxyl group, or a group where a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-dissociable group, and may be the same or different in the same naphthalene ring or benzene ring, in which at least one R.sup.2 represents a group where a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-dissociable group, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and structural formulae of n structural units in square brackets [ ] may be the same or different when n is an integer of 2 or more, X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an uncrosslinked state, each m.sup.2 is independently an integer of 0 to 7, provided that at least one m.sup.2 is an integer of 1 to 7, and each q is independently 0 or 1.

The present invention relates to polycondensates containing at least a structural unit, which is an aromatic moiety bearing a polyether side chain, at least a structural unit, which is an aromatic moiety bearing at least one phosphoric acid monoester group, at least a structural unit, which is an aromatic moiety, bearing at least one hydroxy group and at least a methylene unit (CH.sub.2), which is attached to two aromatic structural units. The invention also concerns a process for the production of the polycondensates, their use for the dispersion of inorganic binders, for increasing the strength development of concrete and for improving the slump-retention of concrete. The invention relates also to building material mixtures comprising the polycondensates and inorganic binders.

There is provided a conductive polymer having high conductivity with excellent heat resistance. Using the conductive polymer, there can be provided solid electrolytic capacitors having low ESR, high reliability, and less leakage current. There can be also provided conductive films having high conductivity and superior heat resistance. There is provided a conductive polymer dispersion liquid obtained by a method in which in the presence of a copolymer from styrenesulfonic acid, and at least one kind of a non-sulfonic acid monomer selected from the group consisting of methacrylate, acrylate, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing alkoxysilane compound or its hydrolysate, thiophene or its derivative is polymerized by oxidation polymerization in water, or in an aqueous solution comprising a mixture of water and a water miscible solvent to produce the conductive polymer dispersion liquid. Using the conductive polymer as solid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte capacitor can be provided. Also, using the conductive polymer, a conductive film can be provided.

There is provided a conductive polymer having high conductivity with excellent heat resistance. Using the conductive polymer, there can be provided solid electrolytic capacitors having low ESR, high reliability, and less leakage current. There can be also provided conductive films having high conductivity and superior heat resistance. There is provided a conductive polymer dispersion liquid obtained by a method in which in the presence of a copolymer from styrenesulfonic acid, and at least one kind of a non-sulfonic acid monomer selected from the group consisting of methacrylate, acrylate, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing alkoxysilane compound or its hydrolysate, thiophene or its derivative is polymerized by oxidation polymerization in water, or in an aqueous solution comprising a mixture of water and a water miscible solvent to produce the conductive polymer dispersion liquid. Using the conductive polymer as solid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte capacitor can be provided. Also, using the conductive polymer, a conductive film can be provided.

Provided is a dispersion liquid that can improve coatability (wettability) with respect to a base material and can form a conductive film having high close adherence with a base material. The dispersion liquid contains a carbon material (A), a condensate (B) of an aromatic sulfonic acid compound, a hydroxyphenol compound, and an aldehyde compound, and a solvent (C).

Provided is a dispersion liquid that can improve coatability (wettability) with respect to a base material and can form a conductive film having high close adherence with a base material. The dispersion liquid contains a carbon material (A), a condensate (B) of an aromatic sulfonic acid compound, a hydroxyphenol compound, and an aldehyde compound, and a solvent (C).