The present invention relates to a method for increasing the reactivity of lignin, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) forming, under heating at a temperature of 30-70° C., an aqueous dispersion comprising alkali and lignin, wherein the alkali comprises a hydroxide of an alkali metal; and b) heating the dispersion formed in step a) at a temperature of 50-95° C. for producing alkalated lignin.

An anion exchange membrane includes a porous structural framework and bismuth atoms bonded to pore surfaces of the porous structural framework. Each bismuth atom is bonded to a pore surface by way of one or two oxygen atoms.

The present invention relates to a phenolic resin for use in the phenolic resin component of a two-component binder system for the polyurethane cold box process, to a two-component binder system for use in the polyurethane cold box process, to a molding material mixture for curing by contacting with a tertiary amine, to the use of a corresponding phenolic resin, of a corresponding phenol component, of a corresponding two-component binder system or of a corresponding molding material mixture. The present invention relates, moreover, to an article from the group consisting of feeders, foundry molds and foundry cores, producible from a corresponding molding material mixture, to a process for preparing a phenolic resin, and to a process for producing an article from the group consisting of feeders, foundry molds and foundry cores.

The present invention relates to a phenolic resin for use in the phenolic resin component of a two-component binder system for the polyurethane cold box process, to a two-component binder system for use in the polyurethane cold box process, to a molding material mixture for curing by contacting with a tertiary amine, to the use of a corresponding phenolic resin, of a corresponding phenol component, of a corresponding two-component binder system or of a corresponding molding material mixture. The present invention relates, moreover, to an article from the group consisting of feeders, foundry molds and foundry cores, producible from a corresponding molding material mixture, to a process for preparing a phenolic resin, and to a process for producing an article from the group consisting of feeders, foundry molds and foundry cores.

The present invention relates to a phenol-based resin adhesive from lignin pyrolysis, comprising a polymer of phenol and formaldehyde from lignin pyrolysis, wherein the phenol from lignin pyrolysis comprises at least two phenols from lignin pyrolysis or at least two lignin-modified phenols from lignin pyrolysis. A repeat unit of the polymer of phenol and formaldehyde from lignin pyrolysis comprises at least two phenol units from lignin pyrolysis or at least two lignin-modified phenol units from lignin pyrolysis. According to the phenol-based resin adhesive from lignin pyrolysis in the present invention, by-products during the pyrolysis of lignin for power generation are used as raw materials, so it is environment-friendly and economical.

The present invention relates to a phenol-based resin adhesive from lignin pyrolysis, comprising a polymer of phenol and formaldehyde from lignin pyrolysis, wherein the phenol from lignin pyrolysis comprises at least two phenols from lignin pyrolysis or at least two lignin-modified phenols from lignin pyrolysis. A repeat unit of the polymer of phenol and formaldehyde from lignin pyrolysis comprises at least two phenol units from lignin pyrolysis or at least two lignin-modified phenol units from lignin pyrolysis. According to the phenol-based resin adhesive from lignin pyrolysis in the present invention, by-products during the pyrolysis of lignin for power generation are used as raw materials, so it is environment-friendly and economical.

A method of forming a resist pattern, including forming a resist composition using a resist film; exposing the resist film; and alkali-developing the exposed resist film to form a positive-tone resist pattern, wherein the resist composition includes a first resin component and a second resin component which satisfies a specific relationship DR.sub.MIX<DR.sub.P1 and DR.sub.MIX<DR.sub.P2, wherein DR.sub.P1 is the dissolution rate of the first resin component (P1) in an alkali developing solution, DR.sub.P2 is the dissolution rate of the second resin component (P2) in an alkali developing solution, and DR.sub.MIX is the dissolution rate of a mixed resin of the first resin component (P1) and the second resin component (P2).

The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of lignin and the use of said suspension in the preparation of a resin.

Provided is a dispersion liquid that can improve coatability (wettability) with respect to a base material and can form a conductive film having high close adherence with a base material. The dispersion liquid contains a carbon material (A), a condensate (B) of an aromatic sulfonic acid compound, a hydroxyphenol compound, and an aldehyde compound, and a solvent (C).

The present invention relates to a novolac-type phenolic resin synthesis process in which there is the addition of lignin, to a novolac-type phenolic resin comprising lignin, and to the use of said phenolic resin.