The invention provides: imidazole and imidazolium compounds of formulas (I) and (II):

##STR00001##

polymers containing a plurality of imidazolium-containing repeating units of formula (III′):

##STR00002##

and membranes and devices comprising the polymers. Also provided are methods of making the inventive compounds and polymers.

The invention provides: imidazole and imidazolium compounds of formulas (I) and (II):

##STR00001##

polymers containing a plurality of imidazolium-containing repeating units of formula (III′):

##STR00002##

and membranes and devices comprising the polymers. Also provided are methods of making the inventive compounds and polymers.

The polymerization of cycloalkenamer is stopped by adding an alkyl vinyl derivative. Subsequently compound A is added, wherein compound A has at least one of the features i) or ii): i) at least one functional group or ii) at least one saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic heterocyclic ring having 3 to 14 ring atoms, wherein the ring atoms contain at least one carbon atom and at least one atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. A membrane filtration is subsequently carried out. This type of production produces polyalkenamers which are temperature-stable at 180° C.

A prepolymer is prepared by subjecting a compound of Formula (I) and a vinyl-containing compound to a prepolymerization reaction, and a resin composition includes the prepolymer. The vinyl-containing compound includes bis(vinylphenyl) ethane, divinylbenzene, modification of divinylbenzene or a combination thereof. A ratio in part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) to the vinyl-containing compound in the prepolymerization reaction is 8:2 to 6:4. The resin composition includes the prepolymer and an additive, and an article made from the resin composition may include a resin film, a prepreg, a laminate or a printed circuit board.

A prepolymer is prepared by subjecting a compound of Formula (I) and a vinyl-containing compound to a prepolymerization reaction, and a resin composition includes the prepolymer. The vinyl-containing compound includes bis(vinylphenyl) ethane, divinylbenzene, modification of divinylbenzene or a combination thereof. A ratio in part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) to the vinyl-containing compound in the prepolymerization reaction is 8:2 to 6:4. The resin composition includes the prepolymer and an additive, and an article made from the resin composition may include a resin film, a prepreg, a laminate or a printed circuit board.

Disclosed is a hydrogenated norbornene ring-opened polymer, wherein a proportion of a norbornene-derived repeating unit is 90% by mass or more, a meso diad fraction of the norbornene-derived repeating unit is 80% or more, and in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured at 25° C. using a CuKα radiation source, an X-ray diffraction peak is observed which has a peak top positioned in a diffraction angle (2θ) range of 17° or more and 18° or less.

Disclosed is a hydrogenated norbornene ring-opened polymer, wherein a proportion of a norbornene-derived repeating unit is 90% by mass or more, a meso diad fraction of the norbornene-derived repeating unit is 80% or more, and in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured at 25° C. using a CuKα radiation source, an X-ray diffraction peak is observed which has a peak top positioned in a diffraction angle (2θ) range of 17° or more and 18° or less.

Disclosed are new polymeric materials that respond to a mechanical force. The novel polymeric compounds contain an isomer of aziridine, a three-membered N-heterocyclic compound. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the polymeric compounds. Mechanical force-induced cycloaddition of aziridines as mechanophores yields stereospecific products without covalent bond cleavage of aziridines. That is, a mechanical force makes the mechanochemical products stereospecific. The stereospecific products prepared from the isomeric mechanophores by a mechanical force can be widely used in various industrial fields, including new materials.

A method of producing polymer fibers and/or particles by direct polymerization of monomers without use of any external high energy sources (such as heat or UV) is described. The method may be used to fabricate polymer fibers, fiber mats, 3D polymer fiber structures, and polymer nano- and microparticles. Polymer fibers may be used to create fiber mats which can be utilized in a variety of applications.

A method of producing polymer fibers and/or particles by direct polymerization of monomers without use of any external high energy sources (such as heat or UV) is described. The method may be used to fabricate polymer fibers, fiber mats, 3D polymer fiber structures, and polymer nano- and microparticles. Polymer fibers may be used to create fiber mats which can be utilized in a variety of applications.