Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources.

A process for forming a flame retardant polymer, as well as the flame retardant polymer, are disclosed. A flame retardant polymer is a polymer that can be resistant to thermal degradation and/or thermal oxidation. A flame retardant polymer can be mixed or otherwise incorporated into a standard polymer to give flame retardancy to the standard polymer. The flame retardant polymers can include polycaprolactone functionalized with flame retardant substituents. The flame retardant substituents can include halides, substituted phosphoryl, and substituted phosphonyl.

The present invention is directed to bioresorbable polymers to be used as bone and tissue adhesives. The present invention is also directed to the synthesis of bioresorbable polymeric molecules bearing adhesive moieties and the use of such compounds in methods to glue and stabilize fractured bones and damaged tissues. The present invention is also directed to the use of such compounds as adhesive sealants for applications in wound care. The present invention is also directed to the use of such compounds as biodegradable ink for applications in tissue engineering and 3D printing. The present invention also relates to the use of such compounds as drug delivery platforms.

A process of forming a flame retardant polycaprolactone includes utilizing a caprolactone molecule to form a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule. The process also includes chemically reacting the hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant molecule to form a flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer. The process further includes polymerizing a mixture that includes at least the flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer to form a flame retardant polycaprolactone.

A process of forming a flame retardant polylactide includes forming a flame retardant lactide monomer. The process also includes forming a lactide feedstock that includes at least the flame retardant lactide monomer. The process further includes polymerizing the lactide feedstock to form a flame retardant polylactide.

A process of forming a flame retardant polylactide includes forming a flame retardant lactide monomer. The process also includes forming a lactide feedstock that includes at least the flame retardant lactide monomer. The process further includes polymerizing the lactide feedstock to form a flame retardant polylactide.

A process of forming a flame retardant monomer includes forming a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule, and reacting the hydroxyl-functionalized with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant molecule to form a flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer. A flame retardant monomer includes at least one moiety derived from a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule and at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant moiety. A flame retardant polymer includes at least two flame retardant monomer repeat units, each flame retardant monomer repeat unit including at least one moiety derived from a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule and at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant moiety.

A process for forming a flame retardant polymer, as well as the flame retardant polymer, are disclosed. A flame retardant polymer is a polymer that can be resistant to thermal degradation and/or thermal oxidation. A flame retardant polymer can be mixed or otherwise incorporated into a standard polymer to give flame retardancy to the standard polymer. The flame retardant polymers can include polycaprolactone functionalized with flame retardant substituents. The flame retardant substituents can include halides, substituted phosphoryl, and substituted phosphonyl.

A process of forming a flame retardant polycaprolactone includes utilizing a caprolactone molecule to form a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule. The process also includes chemically reacting the hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant molecule to form a flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer. The process further includes polymerizing a mixture that includes at least the flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer to form a flame retardant polycaprolactone.

A process of forming a flame retardant polycaprolactone includes utilizing a caprolactone molecule to form a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule. The process also includes chemically reacting the hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant molecule to form a flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer. The process further includes polymerizing a mixture that includes at least the flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer to form a flame retardant polycaprolactone.