Disclosed is a vesicular system comprising a surface with a vesicle immobilized thereon. The immobilized vesicle has a circumferential membrane of an amphiphilic polymer. The vesicle is coupled to a surface by means of a molecule with a non-polar moiety. The non-polar moiety comprises a main chain of 3 to about 30 carbon atoms and 0 to about 12 heteroatoms selected from Si, O, S, and Se. The molecule with the non-polar moiety is coupled to the surface via a covalent or non-covalent bond. A portion of the non-polar moiety is integrated in the circumferential membrane.

This disclosure relates to new injectable hydrogel materials that consist of water gellants comprising linear hydrophilic polymers that comprise hydrogen bonding units in the backbone combined with cross-linkable end groups, resulting in dynamic yet firm hydrogel materials that are easily processable, are highly elastic, show adhesive properties and are self-healing and are especially suitable for biomedical applications.

This disclosure relates to new injectable hydrogel materials that consist of water gellants comprising linear hydrophilic polymers that comprise hydrogen bonding units in the backbone combined with cross-linkable end groups, resulting in dynamic yet firm hydrogel materials that are easily processable, are highly elastic, show adhesive properties and are self-healing and are especially suitable for biomedical applications.

The additive for high-purity copper electrolytic refining of the present invention is an additive which is added to a copper electrolyte in electrolytic refining for high-purity copper and is formed of a non-ionic surfactant that includes a hydrophobic group containing an aromatic ring and a hydrophilic group containing a polyoxyalkylene group, in which a dispersion term dD of the Hansen solubility parameters satisfies 10dD20, a polarity term dP of the Hansen solubility parameters satisfies 6dP9, and a hydrogen bonding term dH of the Hansen solubility parameters satisfies 9dH11.

The additive for high-purity copper electrolytic refining of the present invention is an additive which is added to a copper electrolyte in electrolytic refining for high-purity copper and is formed of a non-ionic surfactant that includes a hydrophobic group containing an aromatic ring and a hydrophilic group containing a polyoxyalkylene group, in which a dispersion term dD of the Hansen solubility parameters satisfies 10dD20, a polarity term dP of the Hansen solubility parameters satisfies 6dP9, and a hydrogen bonding term dH of the Hansen solubility parameters satisfies 9dH11.

The present invention is related to a product for the resolution of racemic mixtures in which various separation processes of a salt composed of a PEGylated resolving agent and an enantiomer in a racemic mixture is utilized. Separation can be caused by temperature-dependent phase transformation of the said salt pair in aqueous or organic media as well as other methods used is separation of PEG such as salting out (e.g. addition of ammonium sulfate). The first cycle of racemic resolution by this method was shown to afford 85% optically pure amino acid from a 50:50 mixture of racemic L,D-amino acids esters. An additional cycle improved optical purity up to 95%.

Conjugates of SN-38 that provide optimal drug release rates and minimize the formation of the corresponding glucuronate are described. The conjugates release SN-38 from a polyethylene glycol through a -elimination mechanism.

Block copolymers containing charged blocks or chemical moieties sensitive to oxidation or hydrolysis have been developed. We describe the use of such block copolymers in supramolecular structures, e.g., micelles or vesicles, and pharmaceutical compositions and in methods of preparing the supramolecular structures and pharmaceutical compositions. The invention is particularly useful for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents, e.g., nucleic acids, to cells.

Block copolymers containing charged blocks or chemical moieties sensitive to oxidation or hydrolysis have been developed. We describe the use of such block copolymers in supramolecular structures, e.g., micelles or vesicles, and pharmaceutical compositions and in methods of preparing the supramolecular structures and pharmaceutical compositions. The invention is particularly useful for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents, e.g., nucleic acids, to cells.

Provided is a gel material for ophthalmic treatment useful as a synthetic vitreous body which is a novel intraocular tamponade material having a low swelling pressure, an appropriate elastic force, and no toxicity to ocular tissues, specifically, to retinas, and which is capable of stably maintaining a long-term stable tamponade effect. A gel material for ophthalmic treatment including a hydrogel in which a gel precursor cluster crosslinks to form a three-dimensional network. The gel precursor cluster has a structure with crosslinked monomer units or crosslinked polymer units present at concentrations less than a critical gelation concentration, and the gel precursor cluster has a relationship of G<G where G represents a storage elastic modulus and G represents a loss elastic modulus. The hydrogel has a polymer content of 50 g/L or less, a storage elastic modulus G of 1 to 10,000 Pa at a frequency of 1 Hz, and a fractal dimension of 1.5 to 2.5.