The present invention concerns the use of a compound having the following formula (I), for the preparation of a polymer. The present invention also concerns the polymers obtained from polymerization of compound of formula (I), and their processes of preparation.

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An electrode for an electrochemical element with an organic electrolyte includes a polymeric material containing or composed of subunits according to general formulae (I) and/or (II):

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wherein n is an integer >2, Y represents an amide group (—NH—CO— or —CO—NH—), an ester group (—O—CO— or —CO—O—) or a urethane group (—NH—CO—O— or —O—CO—NH—), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent H, alkyl (preferably —CH.sub.3, —C.sub.2H.sub.5), Alkoxy-(preferably —OCH.sub.3, —OC.sub.2H.sub.5), -halogen or —CN, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.4 independently represent a bridging aryl group, Ar.sub.e and Ar.sub.a independently represent a non-bridging aryl group, and R.sub.5 is a bridging alkyl, alkene or aryl group, wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.4 in structures (I) and (II) independently represent a bridging aryl group.

An electrode for an electrochemical element with an organic electrolyte includes a polymeric material containing or composed of subunits according to general formulae (I) and/or (II):

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wherein n is an integer >2, Y represents an amide group (—NH—CO— or —CO—NH—), an ester group (—O—CO— or —CO—O—) or a urethane group (—NH—CO—O— or —O—CO—NH—), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent H, alkyl (preferably —CH.sub.3, —C.sub.2H.sub.5), Alkoxy-(preferably —OCH.sub.3, —OC.sub.2H.sub.5), -halogen or —CN, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.4 independently represent a bridging aryl group, Ar.sub.e and Ar.sub.a independently represent a non-bridging aryl group, and R.sub.5 is a bridging alkyl, alkene or aryl group, wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.4 in structures (I) and (II) independently represent a bridging aryl group.

New diamine monomers bearing sulfone terminated pendant groups, as well as methods for making the same, are provided. The diamine monomers are useful toward making polyamide, polyimide, and poly(amide-imide) polymers and copolymers, which possess hygromorphic properties and demonstrate humidity driven motility.

New diamine monomers bearing sulfone terminated pendant groups, as well as methods for making the same, are provided. The diamine monomers are useful toward making polyamide, polyimide, and poly(amide-imide) polymers and copolymers, which possess hygromorphic properties and demonstrate humidity driven motility.

Provided is a polyamide-imide film including: a polyamide-imide resin and a porphyrin-based dye. The polyamide-imide film has excellent optical properties, and, in particular, may maintain an excellent yellow index even in a repeated temperature change environment.

The present disclosure relates to a compound used to prepare a polyamide-based polymer. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a compound represented by the following Formula 1 and a polyamide-based polymer using the same.

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wherein n is an integer of 1 or 2.

The present disclosure relates to a compound used to prepare a polyamide-based polymer. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a compound represented by the following Formula 1 and a polyamide-based polymer using the same.

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wherein n is an integer of 1 or 2.

Provided are a polymer having a constituent component represented by formula (I) below, a method for producing the polymer, a diamine compound suitable as a raw material for the polymer, a gas separation membrane haying a gas separation layer including the polymer, and a gas separation module and a gas separation apparatus that have the gas separation membrane.

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In the formula (I), R.sup.A, R.sup.B, and R.sup.C represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom. Herein, at least one of R.sup.A, R.sup.B, or R.sup.C represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom. The alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not trifluoromethyl and ** represents linking sites.

A polymeric lyotropic liquid crystal solution comprises a birefringent aromatic polymer. A linear polarizer layer is obtained by shear-coating the polymeric lyotropic liquid crystal solution on a coatable substrate, and treating the resulting coating layer with a doping-passivation solution containing iodine and multi-valent cations. A linear polarizer includes a birefringent coating layer of 1.0 micrometers or less in thickness, and contains birefringent aromatic polymer, iodine anions, and multi-valent cations. An optical article includes an optical retarder layer of 1.0 micrometers or less in thickness and a linear polarizer layer of 1.0 micrometers or less in thickness, with an intermediate layer between the linear polarizer layer and the optical retarder layer. The optical retarder layer contains a first birefringent aromatic polymer generally aligned along a first alignment direction and the linear polarizer layer contains a second birefringent aromatic polymer generally aligned along a second alignment direction, with an angle between the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction in a range of 40° to 50°.