A method for producing nano-composites comprising graphitic carbon nitride reduced to nano size, having high electrical conductivity is provided. The method includes the steps of: producing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C.sub.3N.sub.4) having a chemical formula (C.sub.3N.sub.4).sub.m, applying an obtained g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 powder via an ultrasonic homogenization method on concentrations, obtaining a nano g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 suspension, wherein a size of the nano g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 suspension changes between 10-100 nm as a result of applying the ultrasonic homogenization method, obtaining polyaniline with a chemical formula (C.sub.6H.sub.7N).sub.n in an emeraldine salt form, obtaining a nano-composite, mixing in aniline or aniline-HCl water at concentrations of 0.1-1 mol/L, adding a nano graphitic carbon (nano g-C.sub.3N.sub.4) into a mixture and mixing between 10-60 minutes, carrying out a polymerization process by adding an oxidant to the mixture and obtaining the nano composite having the high electrical conductivity.

In an aspect, a method of making a composite comprises mixing titanium dioxide in a aqueous solution comprising an acid to form a titanium dioxide mixture; mixing an aniline monomer and an oxidizing agent with the titanium dioxide mixture to form a reaction mixture; and polymerizing the aniline monomer to form the composite comprising polyaniline and the titanium dioxide; wherein the titanium dioxide has an average particle size of 0.5 to 100 nm; and wherein the acid is free of a (C.sub.8+ alkyl) benzene sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof. In another aspect, a composite comprises a plurality of titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 0.5 to 100 nm; a polyaniline; at least one of hydrochloric acid or 2-acryamido-2-propanesulfonic acid or a derivative thereof; wherein the composite is free of a (C.sub.8+ alkyl) benzene sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof.

The present disclosure relates to a continuous flow process for preparing conducting polymers, for example polyaniline. The continuous flow process can provide a controlled synthesis of a conducting polymer from an emulsion comprising a polymerizable organic monomer and a free radical initiator in flow within a temperature controlled continuous flow reactor comprising at least one mixing element. The present disclosure also relates to the conducting polymers prepared by the continuous flow process.

Disclosed is a preparation method for corncob-shaped HNT-PANI/PP, specifically comprising: polymerizing aniline in situ on cleaned HNTs in an ice-water bath; mixing corncob-shaped HNT-PANI composite powder obtained by vacuum drying and PP plastic in a high-speed mixer in a certain ratio, performing extrusion granulation by using a twin-screw extruder, and performing injection molding by using an injection molding machine to prepare standard sample strips of an HNT-PANI/PP composite material. The corncob-shaped HNT-PANI composite material prepared according to the present invention has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and flame retardance, the mechanical properties of the composite material can be improved, electrical and flame-retardant properties of PP engineering materials can be improved, and thus the application field of PP is greatly broadened.

Embodiments may relate to a microelectronic package comprising: a die and a package substrate coupled to the die with a first interconnect on a first face. The package substrate comprises: a second interconnect and a third interconnect on a second face opposite to the first face; a conductive signal path between the first interconnect and the second interconnect; a conductive ground path between the second interconnect and the third interconnect; and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection material coupled to the conductive ground path. The ESD protection material comprises a first electrically-conductive carbon allotrope having a first functional group, a second electrically-conductive carbon allotrope having a second functional group, and an electrically-conductive polymer chemically bonded to the first functional group and the second functional group permitting an electrical signal to pass between the first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes.

Electrically conductive nanocomposite particles including a core of a C1-C6 alkyl polyacrylate homopolymer or a copolymer of C1-C6 alkyl acrylate and of an α,β-unsaturated amide comonomer, a shell of polyaniline, and a non-ionic surfactant, for printing on a stretchable substrate. Also, a printed stretchable substrate obtained from the electrically conductive nanocomposite particles, which is usable, for example, in the field of printed electronics or connected clothing.

In an aspect, a method of making a composite comprises mixing titanium dioxide in a aqueous solution comprising an acid to form a titanium dioxide mixture; mixing an aniline monomer and an oxidizing agent with the titanium dioxide mixture to form a reaction mixture; and polymerizing the aniline monomer to form the composite comprising polyaniline and the titanium dioxide; wherein the titanium dioxide has an average particle size of 0.5 to 100 nm; and wherein the acid is free of a (C.sub.8+ alkyl) benzene sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof. In another aspect, a composite comprises a plurality of titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 0.5 to 100 nm; a polyaniline; at least one of hydrochloric acid or 2-acryamido-2-propanesulfonic acid or a derivative thereof; wherein the composite is free of a (C.sub.8+ alkyl) benzene sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof.

Disclosed is a preparation method for corncob-shaped HNT-PANI/PP, specifically comprising: polymerizing aniline in situ on cleaned HNTs in an ice-water bath; mixing corncob-shaped HNT-PANI composite powder obtained by vacuum drying and PP plastic in a high-speed mixer in a certain ratio, performing extrusion granulation by using a twin-screw extruder, and performing injection molding by using an injection molding machine to prepare standard sample strips of an HNT-PANI/PP composite material. The corncob-shaped HNT-PANI composite material prepared according to the present invention has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and flame retardance, the mechanical properties of the composite material can be improved, electrical and flame-retardant properties of PP engineering materials can be improved, and thus the application field of PP is greatly broadened.

A sulfonated nanocellulose or sulfonated cellulose may be synthesized. A polyaniline emeraldine may be doped with the sulfonated nanocellulose or sulfonated cellulose to form a sulfonated nanocellulose-doped polyaniline or a sulfonated cellulose-doped polyaniline.

Provided are synthesis methods of polymerizing aniline or derivatives thereof. The production of polyaniline or polyaniline derivatives is controlled by the type of oxidant added in the reaction medium. The methods include the step of using a safe and environmentally friendly carbomethyl cellulose (CMC) or modified CMC as an oxidant in the polymerization reaction to produce polyaniline or aniline derivatives. Synthesis methods of producing O-CMC and O-CMC-S oxidants are also provided herein.