A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution including at least one of sulfonyl compounds expressed by R(—S(═O).sub.2—Rf).sub.n, where R represents an n-valent hydrocarbon group including one or two or more aliphatic hydrocarbon rings, Rf includes one of a halogen group and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Disclosed is an electrically conductive or semi-conductive lamellar structure, its method of production and use. The lamellar structure has a plurality of sheets, wherein each sheet comprises nanochains. At least some of the nanochains are electrically conductive or semi-conductive, and crosslinking agents connect adjacent nanochains.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for electroactive supramolecular polymeric assemblies, methods of making electroactive supramolecular polymeric assemblies, methods of using electroactive supramolecular polymeric assemblies, and the like.

This composition for a hole collecting layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element contains: a charge-transporting substance comprising a polyaniline derivative represented by formula (1); a fluorine-based surfactant; and a solvent. The composition provides a thin film suitable for a hole collecting layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element, and is particularly suited for producing an inverse lamination type organic photoelectric conversion element.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, etc., but one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is a sulfonic acid group, one or more of the remaining R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C1-20 thioalkoxy group, a C1-20 alkyl group, a C2-20 alkenyl group, a C2-20 alkynyl group, a C1-20 haloalkyl group, a C6-20 aryl group, or a C7-20 aralkyl group, and m and n are numbers which satisfy 0≤m≤1, 0≤n≤1 and m+n=1.)

A conductive polymer composition comprising: (a) a conductive polymer; (b) a solvent; and (c) an acid or a salt.

The present disclosure provides a quantum dot (QD) light emitting diode including: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; a QD emitting material layer positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a QD; a hole auxiliary layer positioned between the first electrode and the QD emitting material layer; and an electron transporting layer positioned between the QD emitting material layer and the second electrode and including an electron-property material and a hole-property material.

Embodiments may relate to a material to provide electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in an electrical device. The material may include first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes. The material may further include an electrically-conductive polymer that is chemically bonded to the first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes such that an electrical signal may pass between the first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes. Other embodiments may be described or claimed.

A composition comprising a conductive polymer, and a compound having an OH group and further having a butoxy group.

A positive electrode for electrochemical device includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode material layer supported on the positive current collector. The positive electrode material layer includes a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material includes an inner core portion containing polyaniline and a surface layer portion containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polythiophene. The inner core portion is fibrous or grain-aggregate, and the surface layer portion covers at least a part of the inner core portion. Furthermore, an electrochemical device includes the above-described positive electrode, a negative electrode including a negative electrode material layer that occludes and releases a lithium ion, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having lithium ion conductivity.

Provided is a phthalonitrile-based resin, comprising repeat units formed by the reaction of a phthalonitrile compound and a curing agent,

wherein the phthalonitrile compound comprises 4,4-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)diphenyloxide of the following Chemical Formula 1 and 4,4-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl of the following Chemical Formula 2 at a weight ratio of 30:70 to 90:10:

##STR00001##