The present disclosure provides methods for modifying and cross-linking polybenzimidazoles, PBI. In one embodiment, the polybenzimidazole reacts with a compound, which has a halogen and a double bond functionality and which comprises a halogen and an organic group to form modified polymers by means of a nucleophilic substitution of the amine proton of the benzimidazole functionality in a solution, and a functional group is connected via each resulting free double bond and/or the polymers that are thus modified are cross-linked.

An organic semiconductor element in which an organic semiconductor layer contains a compound of Formula (1) and/or a compound of Formula (2) or contains a polymer having a structure of any one of Formulae (9) and (10):

##STR00001## in which X.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.a, rings A to D each represent a specific aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring; Y.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, CR.sup.b.sub.2, or NR.sup.c; R.sup.a to R.sup.c each represent hydrogen atoms or substituents; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a to specific substituent; n represents 1 or 2; and * represents a bonding site.

A material comprising an electron-accepting unit of formula (I): Ar is an aromatic ring; Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing N and C ring atoms; when Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, Ar.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaromatic ring wherein the ring atoms are selected from N and C; when Ar.sup.1 is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, Ar.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring; Ar.sup.3 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring; Ar.sup.4 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring or is absent; Ar.sup.5 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; Ar.sup.6 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or is absent; and each X is independently a substituent bound to a C atom of Ar.sup.3, and where present Ar.sup.4, with the proviso that at least one X is an electron withdrawing group; and wherein the material further comprises an electron-donating unit.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides methods for modifying and cross-linking polybenzimidazoles, PBI. In one embodiment, the polybenzimidazole reacts with a compound, which has a halogen and a double bond functionality and which comprises a halogen and an organic group to form modified polymers by means of a nucleophilic substitution of the amine proton of the benzimidazole functionality in a solution, and a functional group is connected via each resulting free double bond and/or the polymers that are thus modified are cross-linked.

One or more embodiments relate to providing substrate for separating a first gas component from a gaseous mixture, said substrate comprising a benzimidazole-linked polymer. Also provided is a method for synthesizing a substrate for separating a first gas component from a gaseous mixture, the method comprising performing a free condensation reaction between an aryl-o-diamine and an aryl-aldehyde to yield a benzimidazole-linked polymer. Other embodiments related to providing a CO.sub.2 separation membrane comprising benzimidazole-linked polymer residing within a matrix.

A polymer compound to be used as a binder for a negative electrode of a power storage device is provided. The polymer compound is formed by condensation of a polyacrylic acid and a polyfunctional amine represented by the following general formula (1), where X is a ring structure having 1 to 3 benzene rings; and C.sup.1 to C.sup.4 are each a carbon atom constituting a benzene ring in the ring structure.

##STR00001##

There is provided a novel polymer, a composition containing the polymer, and a novel adhesive composition containing the polymer from which a cured film having desired properties is obtained. A polymer comprising a structural unit of Formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein Q is a bivalent group, R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-10 alkylene group, a C.sub.2-10 alkenylene group or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene group, a C.sub.6-14 arylene group, a C.sub.4-10 cyclic alkylene group, etc., or a polymer comprising a structural unit of Formula (6): ##STR00002##
wherein Q.sub.4 is an allyl group, a vinyl group, an epoxy group, or a glycidyl group, and R.sub.5 is a bivalent organic group having a main chain containing only carbon atom or at least one of oxygen atom, nitrogen atom and sulfur atom in addition to carbon atom, a composition comprising the polymer, and an adhesive composition comprising the polymer and a solvent.

Polymers of reaction products of dihalogens and compounds containing benzimidazole moieties are included in metal electroplating compositions to provide level metal deposits on substrates.

The present disclosure provides methods for modifying and cross-linking polybenzimidazoles, PBI. In one embodiment, the polybenzimidazole reacts with a compound, which has a halogen and a double bond functionality and which comprises a halogen and an organic group to form modified polymers by means of a nucleophilic substitution of the amine proton of the benzimidazole functionality in a solution, and a functional group is connected via each resulting free double bond and/or the polymers that are thus modified are cross-linked.

The present disclosure provides methods for modifying and cross-linking polybenzimidazoles, PBI. In one embodiment, the polybenzimidazole reacts with a compound, which has a halogen and a double bond functionality and which comprises a halogen and an organic group to form modified polymers by means of a nucleophilic substitution of the amine proton of the benzimidazole functionality in a solution, and a functional group is connected via each resulting free double bond and/or the polymers that are thus modified are cross-linked.