Reaction products of amines and polymers containing saturated heterocyclic moieties may be used as levelers in metal electroplating baths. The reaction products may plate metal with good surface properties and good physical reliability.

Copolymers having General Formula (I):

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in which R.sup.1 is chosen from divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 aliphatic groups and divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.6 aliphatic groups, heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, or combinations thereof, where: the divalent C.sub.4-C.sub.7 heteroaliphatic groups include one or two heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, and the maximum number of heteroatoms in R.sup.1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.

A oligomer and a lithium battery are provided. The oligomer is obtained by a polymerization reaction of a compound containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and a nucleophile compound. The compound containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group is selected from a group consisting of a maleimide-based compound, an acrylate ester-based compound, a methacrylate ester-based compound, an acrylamide-based compound, a vinylamide-based compound and a combination thereof. The nucleophile compound is selected from a group consisting of monomaleimide, trithiocyanuric acid, hydantoin, hydantoin derivative, thiohydantoin, thiohydantoin derivative and a combination thereof.

Reaction products of amines and polymers containing saturated heterocyclic moieties may be used as levelers in metal electroplating baths. The reaction products may plate metal with good surface properties and good physical reliability.

This disclosure relates to dielectric film forming composition containing at least one fully imidized polyimide polymer; at least one inorganic filler; at least one metal-containing (meth)acrylate compound; and at least one catalyst. The dielectric film formed by such a composition can have a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and a relatively high optical transparency.

Compositions including polyaspartic acid and methods for preparing polyaspartic acid using a precondensate of aspartic acid and polyaspartimide are provided herein. Uses for such compositions are also described.

Disclosed herein is a polysuccinimide derivative, which, under a pH of not greater than 6, includes a first repeating unit represented by formula (I), and a second repeating unit represented by formula (II),

##STR00001##

wherein each of the substituents is given the definition as set forth in the Specification and Claims. The second repeating unit is present in an amount ranging from 1 mol % to 90 mol % based on 100 mol % of the first repeating unit. Also disclosed herein is a nanomaterial including a plurality of nanoparticles, each of which, under a pH of not greater than 6, includes a hydrophobic substance and a carrier which is made from the polysuccinimide derivative and which encloses the hydrophobic substance.

The present invention provides a bio-inspired polymer compound, and a bio-adhesive having the same, and more particularly, to a bio-inspired polymer compound having biocompatibility and high adhesion ability, and a bio-adhesive comprising the same, wherein as the bio-inspired polymer compound absorbs water, the bio-inspired polymer compound becomes viscous in a swollen state, wherein the bio-inspired polymer compound has repeating units, a unit expressed by Chemical Formula 1 and a unit represented by Chemical Formula 2.

Provided herein is a method for producing polyaspartic acid under reflux cooling. Further provided herein are compositions including polyaspartic acid obtainable through the method. Also provided herein is a use of polyaspartic acids obtainable through the method in dishwashing agents, detergents, and cleaning agents.

The present invention relates to methods for producing polyaspartic acids with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of from 6,000 to 15,000 g/mol. The invention also relates to polyaspartic acids which can be obtained by the method according to the invention, to a composition containing the polyaspartic acids, and to the use thereof as scale inhibitors, dispersants and as an additive in dishwashing agents, detergents or cleaning agents.