The present disclosure relates to compounds of formula IVa or IVb, or salts thereof, as intermediates in the manufacture of conducting redox polymers. L is a covalent linker moiety and R is a reversible redox group.

The disclosure further relates to conducting redox polymers produced from such compounds, as well as substrates coated with such conducting redox polymers, and organic batteries comprising such conducting redox polymers.

##STR00001##

The present specification relates to a composition for an organic material layer of an organic solar cell including an electron donor including a polymer including a first unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, a second unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a third unit represented by Chemical Formula 3 or 4; and a non-fullerene-based electron acceptor, and an organic solar cell including the composition.

The present disclosure presents a disulfide containing monomer, its reduced form, its derivative, the synthesis method of this disulfide containing monomer, and the polymer containing the monomers disclosed thereof

A method of reacting bis(R.sub.1) 5,5′″-dibromo-3″,4′-difluoro-[2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2′″-quaterthiophene]-3,3′″-dicarboxylate and bis(R.sub.2) 5,5′″-dibromo-3″,4′-difluoro-[2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2′″-quaterthiophene]-3,3′″-dicarboxylate to form the polymer: ##STR00001## In this polymer R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently selected from the group consisting of: a halogen, a substituted alkyl, an unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted aryl, an unsubstituted aryl, a substituted heteroaryl and an unsubstituted heteroaryl.

The present invention provides water soluble photoactive macromolecular complexes and methods for detecting an analyte in a sample by using a binding agent conjugated to a water soluble photoactive macromolecule.

The present invention relates to a conjugated polymer compound for a polymer solar cell donor and a polymer solar cell comprising same, wherein the conjugated polymer compound has a D-A form in which an electron-donating unit (benzodithiophene, BDT) and an electron-withdrawing unit (quinoxline, Qx) are combined, where a cyano (CN) substituent instead of fluorine (F) is introduced into the Qx unit to improve charge generation, charge transfer, and charge recombination characteristics of the polymer solar cell regardless of the type of acceptor contained in a photo-active layer, so that a polymer solar cell with greatly improved photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) can be implemented.

Biocompatible polymer hydrogel composite structures, methods of making the composite structures, and methods of using the composite structures as scaffolds for biological tissue growth and regeneration are provided. The methods for making the composite structures start with a porous high resolution three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold in which polymer precursors are infused and then polymerized in situ to form a water-soluble, electrically conducting polymer that is bonded to and/or entrapped within the hydrogel.

Conjugated, electrically conducting polymers (CPs) with the ability to covalently graft onto collagen and collagenic materials are provided. Also provided are methods of functionalizing biological tissues and other biological substrates with the CPs, and methods of using the functionalized biological substrates as cell and tissue growth scaffolds that harness the passive therapeutic benefits of CPs and use the enhanced conductivity provided by the scaffolds to stimulate cell growth and proliferation through the bulk of the biological substrate.

Resins comprising nanoparticles formed from π-conjugated cross-linked polymers are disclosed, together with their methods of manufacture and their applications in light emitting devices.

The present application relates to an electrochromic composite, an electrochromic device comprising the same, and a method for manufacturing an electrochromic device.