The present invention is directed to a versatile and high performance zwitterionic CP platform, which integrates all desired functions into one material. This zwitterionic CP consists of the conducting backbone and multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. Non-conducting zwitterionic materials gain electronic conductivity through the conducting backbone and CPs obtain excellent biocompatibility, sensitivity to environmental stimuli and controllable antifouling properties via multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. Unique properties from two distinct materials (conducting materials and zwitterionic materials) are integrated into one material without sacrificing any properties. This platform can potentially be adapted for a range of applications (e.g. bioelectronics, tissue engineering, wound healing, robotic prostheses, biofuel cell, etc.), which all require high performance conducting materials with excellent antifouling/biocompatibility at complex biointerfaces. This conducting material platform will significantly advance the development of conducting polymers in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology.

A light emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and first and second organic layers disposed between the anode and the cathode. The first organic layer is a layer obtained by using a composition including a compound represented by the formula (H-A) and a metal complex represented by the formula (1). The second organic layer is a layer obtained by using a polymer compound including a constitutional unit having a cross-linkable group.

##STR00001##

wherein the atoms, groups and rings in formulas (H-A) and (1) are defined in the specification.

In an example, a process includes polymerizing a mixture that includes an ethylene monomer, a propylene monomer, and a diene monomer to form an ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) terpolymer using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The process further includes chemically reacting the EPDM terpolymer with a norbornene-based phosphinate cross-linking material to form a flame-retardant, cross-linked EPDM rubber.

Disclosed are an active layer composition for a solar cell containing a two-dimensional conjugated polymer that has excellent thermal/chemical stability and may improve power conversion efficiency of an organic solar cell via realization of high open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, a preparation method of the composition, and an organic solar cell containing the composition. The composition contains a two-dimensional conjugated polymer having a repeating unit represented by a following Chemical Formula 4-2 as an electron donor material: ##STR00001##
wherein the Chemical Formula 4-2, n is an integer of 5 to 2000.

The present invention discloses several kinds of polymer hole-transporting material, comprising homopolymers or copolymers. The present invention also shows application in inverted-structure perovskite solar cells.

Provided are a polyhydroxy aromatic intermediate, preparation thereof and use thereof in a polycondensate water-reducer with branched side chains. The polycondensate water-reducer with branched side chains has a branched side chain structure which provides a stronger steric hindrance. The synergistic effect of the branched side chains and the rigid skeleton of the aromatic ring greatly improves the water-reducing ability. Especially under a condition of low water/cement ratio, the improvement in water-reducing ability is more obvious. The branched polyether side chain is more conducive to the formation of a thicker water film layer, which has an obvious viscosity reduction effect. The conformation of the branched polyether side chain is less affected by different ionic environments in the pore solution in cement, and thus has a stronger adaptability to various raw materials. The water-reducer is suitable for the preparation of high-strength concrete, self-compacting concrete and concrete with low water-to-binder ratio and high volume of mineral admixtures, especially for the preparation of concrete containing machine-made sand.

The invention provides a structural base that includes a coating film on at least a portion of the surface thereof, the coating film having a difference between the maximum film thickness and the minimum film thickness of not more than 1000 . A method of the invention produces such structural bases. The coating film includes a copolymer including a repeating unit containing a group represented by formula (a), and a repeating unit containing a group represented by formula (b): ##STR00001##
wherein U.sup.a1, U.sup.a2, U.sup.b1, U.sup.b2, U.sup.b3 and An.sup. are as defined herein.

A polymer and a preparation method therefor, a gel polymer electrolyte, a battery, and an electrical device are disclosed. A general formula of the polymer is shown in formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein m is 0 or 1; n is a positive integer; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 each independently include oxygen, sulfur or imino; X.sub.3 includes oxygen or sulfur; Y includes oxygen, sulfur, imino, SC.sub.1-8 alkylene unsubstituted or substituted, NHC.sub.1-8 alkylene unsubstituted or substituted, C.sub.1-8 alkylene unsubstituted or substituted, and C.sub.1-8 alkoxylene unsubstituted or substituted; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each independently include any one of hydrogen, fluorine, C.sub.1-10 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted, and C.sub.1-10 alkoxyl unsubstituted or substituted; R.sub.5 includes any one of C.sub.1-10 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with any group and formula (A)

##STR00002##

and R.sub.9 includes C.sub.1-10 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted.