In an aspect, a method of synthesizing a graft copolymer comprises the steps of: copolymerizing a first macromonomer and a first reactive diluent; wherein said first macromonomer comprises a first backbone precursor directly or indirectly covalently linked to a first polymer side chain group; wherein said reactive diluent is provided in the presence of the first macromonomer at an amount selected so as to result in formation said graft copolymer having a first backbone incorporating said diluent and said first macromonomer in a first polymer block characterized by a preselected first graft density or a preselected first graft distribution of said first macromonomer. In some embodiments of this aspect, said preselected first graft density is any value selected from the range of 0.05 to 0.75. In some methods, the composition and amount of said diluent is selected to provide both a first preselected first graft density and a first preselected first graft distribution.

The present disclosure provides for the development and applications of monomeric, oligomeric and/or polymeric semiconductor materials comprising a five-membered heteroaromatic unit (e.g., thiophene; furan; selenophene; etc.) that includes an acrylyl or an acrylyl-like (—C═C—CO—) side chain. The semiconductor materials can be used as organic semiconductors for use in electronic, optical, or optoelectronic devices such as organic thin film transistors and organic photovoltaics. The disclosed semiconductor materials (e.g., semiconducting polymer compounds) can be used as high performance semiconductors (e.g., for organic solar cells or organic photovoltaics (OPVs)), and the disclosed semiconductor materials can be used for other devices (e.g., organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and sensors, etc.).

A polymer for organic electroluminescent devices having high luminous efficiency and applicable to a wet process is provided. This polymer for organic electroluminescent devices is characterized in that it includes a polymer of a polyphenylene main chain represented by General Formula (1) which is used in at least one layer of an organic layer in an organic electroluminescent device formed by laminating an anode, the organic layer, and a cathode on a substrate, and which has thermally activated delayed fluorescence characteristics (TADF characteristics) (where x is a phenylene group or a linked phenylene group, L is a single bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and A is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a linked aromatic group, and satisfies S1(A)−T1(A)≤0.50 (eV)).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides novel methods and processes for polymerizing unsaturated substrates, such as alkyne bearing monomers, with arenes. The polymerizations are catalyzed by gold (Au) catalysts/complexes and/or other cocatalysts. The invention further provides novel structurally complex polymers prepared in high yield via an intermolecular polyhydroarylation mechanism. Such resulting products comprise oligomeric and polymeric materials with novel molecular architectures and microstructures, which subsequently impart unique properties. The invention includes both the synthesis methods and processes and the resulting compounds and compositions of matter.

A copolymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein the copolymer is capable of improving luminous efficiency and durability, particularly, an improvement in luminescence life-span, of an electroluminescence device, particularly a quantum dot electroluminescence device.

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting (OSC) random copolymers containing a halo-substituted 4,8-dithiophenyl-benzodithiophene unit and a benzodithiophene-dione unit, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions and formulations containing them, to the use of the copolymers and compositions as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE devices comprising these copolymers or compositions.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

A composition comprising: ##STR00001##
wherein the compositional ratio of x/y ranges from about 1/99 to about 99/1, and n ranges from 1 to 1,000,000. Additionally, in this composition, R′ and R″ are independently selected from: H, unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms, or unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

The present disclosure provides an antimicrobial substrate including a substrate and a polythiophene polymer. The polythiophene polymer has a number of repeated monomer units from n is 5-14 or 30 to 120, a number average molecular weight (Mn) from 1,000 to 4,000 or 10,000 to 40,000; and a polydispersity index (PDI) from 1 to 1.3. The present disclosure also provides the polythiophene polymer and uses thereof.

The invention provides: imidazole and imidazolium compounds of formulas (I) and (II):

##STR00001##

polymers containing a plurality of imidazolium-containing repeating units of formula (III′):

##STR00002##

and membranes and devices comprising the polymers. Also provided are methods of making the inventive compounds and polymers.