Four conjugated copolymers with a donor/acceptor architecture comprising 4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b]dithiophene as the donor structural unit and benzo[2,1,3]thiodiazole fragments with varying degrees of fluorination have been synthesized and characterized. It has been shown that the HOMO levels were decreased after the fluorine substitution. The field-effect charge carrier mobility was similar for all polymers with less than an order of magnitude difference between different acceptor units. Methods of increasing yield of the copolymers, controlling molecular weight of the copolymers, and endcapping the copolymers are also described.

Described herein, inter alia, are peptide containing polymers, and methods of making and using the same.

Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

A polymer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and an organic light emitting device formed by using the same are described here:

E1-[A1].sub.a=[B1].sub.b-[C1].sub.c-E2[Chemical Formula 1] wherein all the variables are described herein.

Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

Described herein, inter alia, are compositions of cell penetrating high density brush peptide polymer, drug delivery vehicles for delivering cell penetrating peptides and drugs. Also provided is a methodology for protecting active peptides from proteolysis by packaging them into high-density brush polymers via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), using an easily-prepared catalyst initiator. The graft-through polymerization of norbomyl-peptide monomers via ROMP can result in structures that resist proteolysis relative to their monomeric analogues in a manner dependent on their degree of polymerization (REFS). Polymerized peptides, while protected from proteolysis, maintain their intended biological function and are capable of any of the functions inherent to the peptide, such as binding a receptor or ligand, initiating a signaling pathway, penetrating a cell, or inducing a therapeutic effect.

There is provided a rectifying element which is provided with an insulating base, (a) a pair of electrodes composed of a first electrode and a second electrode and (b) a semiconductor layer arranged between the pair of electrodes, wherein the components (a) and (b) are provided on a first surface of the insulating base. The rectifying element is configured such that the semiconductor layer (b) contains carbon nanotube composites each of which comprises a carbon nanotube and a conjugated polymer adhered onto at least a part of the surface of the carbon nanotube. The present invention provides a rectifying element having excellent rectifying properties by a simple process.

Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.