Disclosed are an organic nano-grid, a nano-polymer thereof and a preparation method therefor. The organic nano-grid has a general formula (I), and the nano-polymer has a general formula (II), wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl chain, R.sub.2 is halogen or an electroactive group, and X may comprise a heteroatom such as N, O and S, and n is a natural number from 1 to 10. A nano-connection strategy is applied to the construction of a one-dimensional nano-polymer. The polymer starts from a monomer A.sub.2B.sub.2 to form a corresponding nano-polymer by a Friedel-Crafts polymerization cyclization reaction.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a repeat unit defined by ##STR00001##
where each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 includes at least one of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and/or a first hydrocarbon chain having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, inclusively, where each of A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 are either a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, when A.sub.1 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.2 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.2 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.1 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.3 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.4 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.4 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.3 is a carbon atom, either A.sub.1 or A.sub.2 form a covalent bond, x, with a carbon atom, a, either A.sub.3 or A.sub.4 form a covalent bond, y, with a carbon atom, b, L is a linker group that includes an aromatic ring, and n is between 1 and 20, inclusively.

A method for forming organic semiconducting materials, including: providing a mixture having: a tetrathienoacene (FT4)-based monomer, and one of a thiophene-containing compound or an alkene-containing compound; and reacting the FT4-based monomer with the thiophene-containing compound or the alkene-containing compound in a one-step direct arylation reaction mechanism to form a final FT4-based organic semiconducting compound.

The disclosure provides a film composition, wherein the film composition includes an oligomer and a crosslinking agent. The oligomer can have a structure represented by Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-20 alkyl group, C.sub.2-20 alkenyl group, C.sub.6-12 aryl group, C.sub.6-12 alkylaryl group, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkyl group, C.sub.6-20 cycloalkylalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy group; R.sup.1 is not hydrogen when R.sup.2 is hydrogen; a is 0 or 1; 100n1; 100m1; and when n is not 0, the ratio of n to m is from 3:1 to 1:4. The weight ratio of the oligomer and the crosslinking agent can be from 9:1 to 3:7. The oligomer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) from 1,000 to 8,000.

The present invention relates to an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, comprising an organic solvent, a lithium salt and a compound of Chemical Formula 1, wherein the compound of Chemical Formula 1 is contained in an amount of 0.001 wt % or more and less than 0.1 wt %.

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, n is one of the integers 3 to 10.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a repeat unit defined by

##STR00001##

where each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 includes at least one of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and/or a first hydrocarbon chain having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, inclusively, where each of A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 are either a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, when A.sub.1 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.2 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.2 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.1 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.3 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.4 is a carbon atom, when A.sub.4 is a nitrogen atom, A.sub.3 is a carbon atom, either A.sub.1 or A.sub.2 form a covalent bond, x, with a carbon atom, a, either A.sub.3 or A.sub.4 form a covalent bond, y, with a carbon atom, b, L is a linker group that includes an aromatic ring, and n is between 1 and 20, inclusively.

A method of coupling ##STR00001##
and 5,5-Y-3,3-difluoro-2,2-bithiophene to produce ##STR00002## wherein X can be any known compound capable of coupling with the Y-difluorothiophene and Y is selected from the group consisting of Br, a stannyl group, a boronic ester and a H.

Redox active polycyclic compounds and related electrode material, electrode chemical cell battery, methods and systems are described. In particular, tricyclic compounds having a redox potential of 0.20 V to 2.0 V with reference to Zn/Zn2+ electrode potential under standard conditions are described. More particularly, redox active monomers, dimers, and polymers in which each monomeric unit contains a tricyclic heterocyclic structure are provided as electrode material of a cathode for an electrochemical cell further containing a zinc anode and an aqueous electrolyte.

The present invention provides soluble, stable singlet fission (SF) compounds, compositions, materials, methods of their use, and methods for their preparation that provide efficient intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) and multiple excitons. The SF compound may be a dimer, an oligomer, or a polymer of polyoligoacenes, where for example, the compound achieves a triplet yield reaching about 200% per absorbed photon. In this system, SF does not depend on intermolecular inter-actions. Instead, SF is an intrinsic property of the molecule and therefore occurs independent of intermolecular interactions. Singlet fission has the potential to significantly improve the photocurrent in single junction solar cells and thus raise the Shockley-Queisser power conversion efficiency limit from about 33% to about 46% or greater. Quantitative SF yield at room temperature has only been observed in crystalline solids or aggregates of higher acenes.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for conjugated polymer nanoparticle, method of making conjugated polymer nanoparticles, method of using conjugated polymer nanoparticle, polymers, and the like.