Provided is a compound represented by Formula (1A) below wherein the symbols are as defined in the description:

##STR00001##

Also disclosed are a composition containing at least one of the compound and a formed article of the compound.

A method of coupling

##STR00001##

and 5,5-Y-3,3-difluoro-2,2-bithiophene to produce

##STR00002## wherein X can be any known compound capable of coupling with the Y-difluorothiophene and Y is selected from the group consisting of Br, a stannyl group, a boronic ester and a H.

The present invention relates to new semiconducting compounds having at least one optionally substituted dithieno[1,2,3]thiadiazole moiety. The compounds disclosed herein can exhibit high carrier mobility and/or efficient light absorption/emission characteristics, and can possess certain processing advantages such as solution-processability and/or good stability at ambient conditions.

PDI derivatives useful as opto-electronically active materials or for the synthesis of such materials. Certain compounds herein function as efficient electron acceptors and are useful as electron active components of electronic devices.

A polymer which has M.sub.n at least 4,000 and comprises polymerized units of a compound of formula NAr.sup.1Ar.sup.2Ar.sup.3, wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 independently are C.sub.6-C.sub.50 aromatic substituents; Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 collectively contain at least two nitrogen atoms and at least 9 aromatic rings; and at least one of Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 contains a vinyl group attached to an aromatic ring.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: providing a semiconductor device substrate having a relief image on a surface of the substrate, the relief image having a plurality of gaps to be filled; applying a coating composition to the relief image to provide a coating layer, wherein the coating composition comprises (i) a polyarylene oligomer comprising as polymerized units one or more first monomers having two or more cyclopentadienone moieties and one or more second monomers having an aromatic moiety and two or more alkynyl moieties; wherein the polyarylene oligomer has a M.sub.w of 1000 to 6000 Da, a PDI of 1 to 2, and a molar ratio of total first monomers to total second monomers of 1:>1; and (ii) one or more organic solvents; curing the coating layer to form a polyarylene film; patterning the polyarylene film; and transferring the pattern to the semiconductor device substrate.

An organic solar cell is provided. The organic solar cell includes a photoactive layer in which a low molecular weight conjugated compound as a first organic semiconductor material is mixed with an appropriate amount of a second organic semiconductor material. The first organic semiconductor material includes both electron donors and electron acceptors. The presence of the electron donors and the electron acceptors in the first organic semiconductor material improves the morphology of the photoactive layer, leading to high efficiency of the organic solar cell.

The invention relates to novel compounds containing one or more benzo[1,2-d;4,5-d]bisthiazole-4,8-diyl (BBT) units, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to mixtures and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds, mixtures and formulations as organic semiconductors in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising these compounds, mixtures or formulations.

An oligomer, composition, and composite material employing the same are provided. The oligomer can be a reaction product of a reactant (a) and a reactant (b). The reactant (a) is a reaction product of a reactant (c) and a reactant (d). The reactant (b) can be ##STR00001##
or a combination thereof, wherein a is 0 or 1, and R.sup.1 is independently hydrogen or ##STR00002##
and wherein b is 0-6; c is 0 or 1; and, d is 0-6. The reactant (c) is ##STR00003##
wherein R.sup.2 is C.sub.5-10 alkyl group. The reactant (d) is ##STR00004##
wherein e is 0-10.

A compound having the following formula: ##STR00001##
which can also be embedded into a conjugated oligomeric of polymeric backbone, is proposed for optical and electro optical applications.