Provided is a polymer compound useful for production of a light emitting device excellent in external quantum yield. The polymer compound includes a constitutional unit represented by the formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein a.sup.1 and a.sup.2 represent 0 or 1, Ar.sup.A1 and Ar.sup.A3 represent an arylene group or the like, and in each of Ar.sup.A1 and Ar.sup.A3 at least one atom adjacent to an atom forming a bond to the constitutional unit adjacent to the each of Ar.sup.A1 and Ar.sup.A3 has an alkyl group or the like as a substituent, Ar.sup.A2 represents a phenylene group, Ar.sup.A4 represents an arylene group or the like, R.sup.A1, R.sup.A2 and R.sup.A3 represent an aryl group or the like, and when a.sup.2 is 0, R.sup.A1 represents an aryl group in which two or more rings are condensed (the number of carbon atoms constituting the rings of the aryl group is 10 or more) or the like.

Disclosed are a polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, an organic layer composition including the polymer, and a method of forming patterns using the organic layer composition. ##STR00001## The Chemical Formulae 1 and 2 are the same as defined in the specification.

The disclosure relates to polymers obtained by polymerizing in the presence of a Bronsted acid or a Lewis acid catalyst, a monomer comprising a 1,3-diisoalkenylarene, a 1,4-diisoalkenylarene, or mixtures thereof. The polymer comprises at least one of repeat units (A), (B), (C), and (D); wherein R.sup.1 is H or a C1-C8 alkyl group.

##STR00001##

The polymers have high T.sub.g and exhibit good solubility in non-polar solvents, forming substantially gel-free solutions. The polymers are useful for producing crosslinked materials having good physical properties. The crosslinked materials are valuable for further downstream uses, such as copper clad laminates.

There are provided a naphthol resin and an epoxy resin that impart characteristics such as high heat resistance, a low dielectric loss tangent, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and an epoxy resin composition including the naphthol resin or the epoxy resin as an essential component, and cured products thereof. A naphthol resin which is represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n represents the number of repetitions and is a number of 2 to 10, and in which, in terms of area ratio in GPC measurement, a ratio of components for which n=6 or more is 15% or more, and a ratio of components for which n=1 in GPC is 30% or less, and a hydroxy group equivalent is 260 to 400 g/eq.

A charge-transfer salt formed from a material comprising a repeat unit of formula (I) and an n-dopant: wherein BG is a backbone group of the repeat unit; R.sup.1 is a ionic substituent comprising at least one cationic or anionic group; n is at least 1; R.sup.2 is a non-ionic substituent; and m is 0 or a positive integer; the material further comprising a counterion balancing the charge of the cationic or anionic group. ##STR00001##

A quinone-containing poly(arylene) includes repeating units of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), or (VI) as defined herein. The quinone-containing poly(arylene) can be useful in composites, electrode assemblies, electrochemical cells, gas separation systems, energy storage devices, and electrochromic devices.

A compound of formula (I): (Core)n-(X)m wherein Core is a core group; n is 0 and m is 1, or n is 1 and m is at least 1; and X is a group of formula (II): wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are each independently H or a substituent; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each a substituent; one of R.sup.1-R.sup.5 is a direct bond or divalent linking group linking the group of formula (II) to Core in the case where n is 1; x and y are 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and the compound of formula (I) is substituted with at least one ionic substituent. The compound may be used as an n-dopant to dope an organic semiconductor. ##STR00001##

An electrochromic polymer is comprised of a repeat unit comprising one or more meta-conjugated linkers (MCLs) and one or more aromatic moieties (Ars). Each of the one or more MCLs is partially conjugated with the one or more Ars at meta positions of the MCLs to form a polymer backbone of the electrochromic polymer. The electrochromic polymer undergoes an optical switching and a color change in an electrochromic device, which shows a high transparency and a high optical contrast.

Disclosed herein in various embodiments are aryl-ether free polyaromatic polymers based on random copolymer architecture with two, three, or more aromatic ring components and methods of preparing those polymers. The polymers of the present disclosure can be used as ion exchange membranes, e.g., as anion exchange membranes, and ionomer binders in alkaline electrochemical devices.

The present invention provides with an electron-accepting compound having a structure of the following formula (1): ##STR00001##