An amino fluorene polymer including a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein, in Formula 1, A, F, F, m1, n1, n2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are the same as described in the specification.

Provided is a material for organic electronics which can produce an organic electronic element capable of lowering the driving voltage or capable of performing stable driving for a long time. The material for organic electronics contains at least an ionic compound and a compound having a charge transporting unit (hereinafter, referred to as charge transporting compound), and the ionic compound is composed of a counter cation and a counter anion, while the counter cation is any one kind or two or more kinds selected from H.sup.+, a carbocation, a nitrogen cation, an oxygen cation, and a cation having a transition metal.

The present invention provides water soluble photoactive macromolecular complexes and methods for detecting an analyte in a sample by using a binding agent conjugated to a water soluble photoactive macromolecule.

A copolymer and its use as coating whereby the copolymer comprises a first monomer of the general formula (I)

##STR00001##

and a second monomer of the general formula (II)

##STR00002##

wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2Z.sub.3, NHCOR.sub.5, CONHR.sub.6, OCOR.sub.7, COOR.sub.8 and OR.sub.9, and where Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxyl, toluene-4-sulfonyloxy and methylsulfonyloxy. R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, a linear or branched C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkenyl, a linear or branched C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkynyl, sulfo, nitro, amino, hydroxy, oligo(C.sub.2 to C.sub.4-alkylene glycol), NHCOR.sub.5, CONHR.sub.6, OCOR.sub.7, COOR.sub.8 and OR. R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are selected from the group consisting of a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, a linear or branched C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkenyl and a linear or branched C.sub.2-C.sub.30 alkynyl.