The present invention relates to new semiconducting compounds having at least one optionally substituted azino[1,2,3]thiadiazole moiety. The compounds disclosed herein can exhibit high carrier mobility and/or efficient light absorption/emission characteristics, and can possess certain processing advantages such as solution-processability and/or good stability at ambient conditions.

Objects of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor element having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity, and a manufacturing method thereof, to provide a novel compound which is suitable as an organic semiconductor, and to provide an organic semiconductor film having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity and a manufacturing method thereof, and a composition for forming an organic semiconductor film that can suitably form the organic semiconductor film.

The organic semiconductor element according to the present invention has an organic semiconductor layer containing a compound having a constitutional repeating unit represented by Formula 1.

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Provided herein are chlorophyll polymers and conductive materials, sensors, and devices comprising the chlorophyll polymers, and methods of use and preparation thereof.

Yellow electrochromic polymers (ECPs) are prepared that display a yellow neutral state and a highly transmissive oxidized state. The ECPs are copolymers where a dyad of dioxyhetereocyclic repeating unis alternate with a monad of an aromatic repeating unit. An alternate yellow ECP has an oxidation potential of 450 mV or less and is an alternating copolymer of an acyclic dioxythiophene (AcDOT) or a propylene dioxythiophene (ProDOT) with an aromatic repeating unit that has an electron donating substituent. The yellow ECPs can be processed from solution for electrochromic devices.

This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of π-conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

A semiconductor composition for producing a semiconducting layer with consistently high mobility is disclosed. The semiconductor composition includes a diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene copolymer and an aromatic non-halogenated hydrocarbon solvent. The copolymer has a structure disclosed within. The aromatic non-halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon solvent contains sidechains having at least 2 carbon atoms and the aromatic ring contains at least 3 hydrogen atoms.

Embodiments may relate to a microelectronic package comprising: a die and a package substrate coupled to the die with a first interconnect on a first face. The package substrate comprises: a second interconnect and a third interconnect on a second face opposite to the first face; a conductive signal path between the first interconnect and the second interconnect; a conductive ground path between the second interconnect and the third interconnect; and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection material coupled to the conductive ground path. The ESD protection material comprises a first electrically-conductive carbon allotrope having a first functional group, a second electrically-conductive carbon allotrope having a second functional group, and an electrically-conductive polymer chemically bonded to the first functional group and the second functional group permitting an electrical signal to pass between the first and second electrically-conductive carbon allotropes.

A method of forming a polymer, the method comprising combining 4-bromo-7-[5-bromo-4-(alkyl)thiophen-2-yl]-6-chloro-5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, (3,3′-difluoro-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5,5′-diyl)bis(trimethylstannane), [4-(alkyl)-5-[5-(trimethylstannyl)thiophen-2-yl]thiophen-2-yl]trimethylstannane, tris(dibenzylideneacetone), and dipalladium P(o-tol).sub.3 tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane to form the polymer: ##STR00001##
In this polymer, W is selected from the group consisting of: S, Se, O, and N-Q. Additionally, Q is selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain carbyl, silyl or hydrocarbyl, branched, cyclic alkyl with 1 to 30 atoms, and fused aromatic rings. Furthermore in this polymer, R.sub.1, and R.sub.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, I, Br, CN, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —OX, —SX, —NH.sub.2, —C(═O)X, —C(═O)—OX, —OX, —NHX, —NXX′, —C(═O)NHX, —C(═O)NXX′, —SO.sub.3X, —SO.sub.2X, —OH, —NO.sub.2, CF.sub.3, —SF.sub.5, a straight-chain or branched carbyl, silyl, or hydrocarbyl, a branched or cyclic alkyl with 1 to 30 atoms, a fused substituted aromatic ring, and a fused unsubstituted aromatic ring. This polymer can also have R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from F, Cl, Br and I. Additionally, in this polymer, the fused aromatic rings can be independently fused with groups consisting of: a straight-chain or branched carbyl, silyl, or hydrocarbyl, a branched or cyclic alkyl with 1 to 30 atoms, a fused substituted aromatic ring, and a fused unsubstituted aromatic ring. Lastly, in this polymer, h+j is between 0.2 to 0.6 and i+k is between 0.4 and 0.8.

The invention relates to a blend containing an electron acceptor and an electron donor, the acceptor being an n-type semiconductor which is a small molecule that does not contain a fullerene moiety, the electron donor being a p-type semiconductor which is a conjugated polymer comprising donor and acceptor units in random sequence, to a formulation containing such a blend, to the use of the blend in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE, OPV, PSC, OPD and OLED devices comprising the blend.

A polymer blend, including at least one organic semiconductor (OSC) polymer, such that: the at least one OSC polymer is a diketopyrrolopyrrole-fused thiophene polymeric material, the fused thiophene is beta-substituted, the at least one OSC polymer has a first portion and a second portion, and at least one of the first portion or the second portion includes at least one UV-curable side chain.